car body lightening and crashworthiness are two important objectives of car design. due to their excellent performance, composite materials are extensively used in the car industries. in addition, reducing the weight of vehicle is effective in decreasing the fuel consumption. hat shape energy absorber is used in car’s doors for side impact protection. the aim of these numerical models and exper...

Fuel poverty affects millions of UK households, and more than 80% of the affected are vulnerable people. We propose an approach to address fuel poverty by engaging with and supporting the work of energy advisors provided by nonprofit organisations such as charities. We outline our approach that consists of fieldwork to develop an understanding of fuel poverty; participatory design sessions with...

There are several obstacles to the commercialization of PEM fuel cells.  One of the reasons is that the presence of carbon monoxide (CO) in the reformatted fuel, even at a very small scale, decreases the fuel cell performance. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of CO in reformatted fuel on PEM fuel cell performance. For this purpose, a steady state, one-dimensional and non-isoth...

There is a false notion of existing available, abundant, and long lasting fuel energy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries; with continual income return from its exports. This is not true as the sustainability of this income is questionable. Energy problems started to appear, and can be intensified in coming years due to continuous growth of energy demands and consumptions. The deman...

The aim of this research was to study the energy flow and the modelling of energy use in broiler production in the Guilan Province of Iran. The data were gathered through interview with 25 broiler farm managers out of a total of 146 broiler producers in Rasht, the center of Guilan Province, Iran. The effect of broiler farm size at three levels—small (˂20,000 birds), medium (20,000–30,000 birds)...

Energy consumption in Iran is a subject of debate. Some may think that oil is cheap in Iran and thus no need for this kind of research. This simple minding is erroneous first because Iran subsidizes billion dollars each year for the imported diesel fuel specially for agricultural use and second because energy studies reveal the degree of professionally using the technology. We can easily find t...

In internal combustion engines, only about a third of the total fuel input energy is converted into useful work. If the energy rejected into the cooling system and the exhaust gases could be recovered instead and put into useful work, fuel economy would have been substantially improved. The main aim of this research paper was to evaluate the effects of the hybrid nano-catalyst containing ce...

Decisions can be taken to increase energy efficiency and to mitigate the emissions to the environment by examining the energy audit and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions footprint of crop production in different ways and in different regions, with comparable principles. In this study, energy consumption and energy indices of tomatoes production in four regions of Iran including East Azerbaijan...

This paper presents the analysis and design of a hybrid fuel cell battery auxiliary power unit (APU) for remote applications where a fuel cell is the main energy source, operating for slow power dynamics while a battery or a supercapacitor compensates fast transient peak power requirements. A fuzzy logic based control has been implemented in the energy management performance control in order to...

The conversion of biomass to energy (also called bio energy) encompasses a wide range of different types and sources of biomass, conversion options, end user applicationsand infrastructure requirements. Mustard oil biodiesel performed very well in vehicles. Fuel consumption increased compared to fossil diesel because biodiesel has slightly less energy per gallon than diesel fuel. The fuel filte...