We propose a real-time optimal controller that will reduce fuel consumption in a series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). This real-time drive cycle-independent controller is designed using a control-oriented model and Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle for an off-line optimization problem, and is shown to be optimal in realtime applications. Like other proposed controllers in the literature, this con...

Molten carbonate fuel cells provide a promising technology for the operation of future stationary power plants. In order to enhance service life, a detailed understanding of the dynamical behavior of such fuel cell systems is necessary. In particular, fast load changes shall be simulated, respectively optimized without risking material stress due to the extreme temperature differences usually a...

Combined plant/control optimization is applied to a PEM hybrid fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) for vehicle to grid (V2G) applications. The HFCV model is developed from past control-oriented models. For the purposes of design optimization, three components (fuel cell stack, compressor, and battery) are made scalable. To construct a control scheme suitable for combined plant/control design optimization,...

This paper describes modeling and simulation of a renewable energy based hybrid power system in the aspects of improving power quality, energy management and control, because optimal utilization of primary energy sources will increase the level of supply reliability. In order to meet sustained load demands during varying natural conditions, different renewable energy sources and converters are ...

Abstract: An energy management strategy (EMS) considering both optimality and real-time performance has become a challenge for the development of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in recent years. Previous EMSes based on the optimal control theory minimize the fuel consumption, but cannot be directly implemented in real-time because of the requirement for a prior knowledge of the entire driving c...

Abstract: This paper presents a single-degree-of-freedom energy optimization strategy to solve the energy management problem existing in power-split hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The proposed strategy is based on a quadratic performance index, which is innovatively designed to simultaneously restrict the fluctuation of battery state of charge (SOC) and reduce fuel consumption. An extended qu...

in this paper, an integration of improve particle swarm optimization (ipso) incombination with successive quadratic programming (sqp) so called ipso-sqpalgorithm is proposed to solve time optimal bang-bang control problems. theprocedure is found not sensitive to the initial guess of the solution. due to randomselection in the first stage of the search process, the chance of converging to theglo...

abstract t he return of capital is fundamental to the intertemporal allocation of resources by changing the consumption behavior and capital accumulation over time. taxation on return of capital increases the marginal product of capital, meaning that capital stock is lower than when capital is not taxed, which results decreased growth and welfare in steady state. this paper studies the impact o...

Rapid growth in economies and a sharp increase in the present quantity of vehicles have contributed to congested cities, traffic accidents, energy crises and air pollution, which not only cause serious economic damage but also affect human life and safety. According to the Kyoto Protocol international standards and consensus, the trend in the automotive industry is to develop more ecological ve...

A method for finding optimal control policies for first order state-constrained, stochastic dynamic systems in continuous time is presented. The method relies on solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, which includes a diffusion term related to the stochastic disturbance in the model. A variable transformation is applied that turns the infinite-horizon optimal control problem into a l...