Neuronal activity observed in response to trial outcome is hypothesized to drive learning and performance adjustment. The study by Histed et al. in this issue of Neuron observes persistent outcome-related neuronal activity lasting until the subsequent trial in both prefrontal cortex and the caudate nucleus which is correlated with behavioral adjustment.

So far, this study has examined the ways in which colleges and universities approach administrative business processes and how they use technology to support those processes. This chapter examines the approaches and technologies institutions have adopted to improve business process performance, and then discusses some emerging cross-industry trends and how these may impact future efforts to imp...

This is a useful definition of HPC – since it reflects the reality that HPC is a moving target: what is state of the art supercomputing this year will be desktop computing in a few years' time. Before we look towards the future for HPC, it is well worthwhile for us to spend a little time surveying the incredible technological progress in computing over the past 50 years. We will then quickly re...

For a grid network performance data set, we estimate propagation distances to get a lower bound on propagation delays. With a model for primary performance factors and assumptions about expected performance trends, we extrapolate to estimate the communication performance of a global grid in ten years time. Communication pipes are getting fatter, but due to simple propagation delays, are not get...

any planning for the future requires estimates of future conditions. it is possible to study changes over time series. in this study, changes of production and cultivated area of 17 field crops of khorasan razavi province in a 25-year period were determined with mann - kendall test, sen’s estimator slope and linear regression. analysis of the three tests showed that performance of 76.5% from yi...

High-throughput, low-latency networks are becoming a key element in database appliances and data processing systems to reduce the overhead of data movement. In this article, we focus on Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA), a feature increasingly available in modern networks enabling the network card to directly write to and read from main memory. RDMA has started to attract attention as a techni...

In the past 10 years, the Internet has become the network capable of integrating all types of services (data, voice, video and TV). Nowadays, the IP layer appears as the convergence layer for ensuring connectivity between heterogeneous networks. Even though the shortcomings of the Internet in terms of quality of service, security and mobility are well understood in the technical literature, and...

This paper highlights the challenges of performance management in health care, wherein multiple different objectives have to be pursued. The literature suggests starting with quality performance, following the sand cone theory, but considering a multidimensional concept of health care quality. Moreover, new managerial approaches coming from an industrial context and adapted to health care, such...

High Performance Fortran (HPF) is a data-parallel language that was designed to provide the user with a high-level interface for programming scientiic applications, while delegating to the compiler the task of generating an explicitly parallel message-passing program. The main objective of this paper is to study the expressivity of the language and related performance issues. After giving an ou...