The gastrocnemius and soleus both contribute to the ankle plantarflexor moment during the mid- and terminal stance phases of gait. The gastrocnemius also generates a knee flexion moment that may lead to dynamic function that is unique from the soleus. This study used a muscle stimulation protocol to experimentally compare the contributions of individual plantarflexors to vertical support, forwa...

This paper summarizes the force generated by gastrocnemius muscle for the analysis of muscoskeletal simulation in human locomotion using Hill‟s muscle model. Biomechanics of Hill‟s equation describes the study of physical phenomenon by means of mathematical model that relates force and muscle length with the help of a partial differential equation. To calculate maximum fatigue in the muscle and...

Marker-based 2D temporospatial image modelling is a common strategy in characterizing human gait where Channel filtering, Threshold imaging, and Line feel algorithm are normally used in foreground segmentation targeting human lower limbs of a particular image frame. This paper presents Temporospatial Image Modelling approach in presenting segmented objects with spatiotemporal view by reflecting...

Introduction The accurate division of the gait cycle into its component stance and swing phases is important in gait analysis. Use of force platforms to indicate when the foot is in contact with the ground is the 'gold standard' method of determining foot strike (FS) and toe off (TO). However force platforms may not be available, particularly during treadmill locomotion. Methods of determining ...

The design and implementation of Fuzzy Policy Gradient Learning (FPGL) method for humanoid robot is proposed in this paper. This paper not only introduces the phases of the humanoid robot walking, but also improves and parameterizes the gait pattern of the robot. FPGL is an integrated machine learning method based on Policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning (PGRL) and fuzzy logic concept in order...

This paper presents a parameterized gait generator based on linear inverted pendulum model (LIPM) theory, which allows users to generate a natural gait pattern with desired step sizes. Five types of zero moment point (ZMP) components are proposed for formulating a natural ZMP reference, where ZMP moves continuously during single support phases instead of staying at a fixed point in the sagittal...

Many animals are capable of changing gait with speed of locomotion. The neural basis of gait control and its dependence on speed are not fully understood. Mice normally use a single "trotting" gait while running at all speeds, either over ground or on a treadmill. Transgenic mouse mutants in which the trotting is replaced by hopping also lack a speed-dependent change in gait. Here we describe a...

OBJECTIVE Gait performance is an indicator of mobility impairment after stroke. This study evaluated changes in balance, lower extremity motor function, and spatiotemporal gait parameters after receiving body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and conventional overground walking training (CT) in patients with subacute stroke using 3D motion analysis. SETTING Inpatient department of r...

A technique of distributed surface electrical stimulation of the foot sole was used to elicit the withdrawal reflex in ankle flexors and extensors during gait. Tibialis anterior and soleus reflexes were recorded from 8 subjects during treadmill walking. The largest responses in tibialis anterior were evoked at the arch of the foot, while in soleus the largest responses were elicited at the heel...

Gait initiation is an integral and complex part of human locomotion. In this paper, we present a novel compliant-leg model-based approach to understanding the key phases of initiation, the nature of the effective forces involved in initiation, and the importance of the anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). The results demonstrate that in the presence of APAs, we observe a change in the char...