UNLABELLED There is controversy regarding optimal body positioning (i.e., head-up, head-down) in awake nonfasting individuals to minimize the risk for pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents as the result of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). In the present study, we investigated GER and intragastric-esophageal barrier pressure by means of multichannel intraluminal impedance measurement and intrag...

In a case of fatal paraquat poisoning, the distribution of paraquat was determined by a) the column chromatographic method developed by Tompsett, b) the ion-pairing method, c) the deproteinization method both developed by Jarvie et al, and d) the precipitation method developed by the authors. The precipitation method relies on the use of a precipitate of paraquat with Reinecke's salt to extract...

The feeding performance on soft and hard prey of two morphs of the trophically polymorphic Neotropical cichlid fish, Cichlasoma citrinellum, was investigated in the laboratory. The molariform morphs, specialized to feed on hard prey, are able to crack snail shells that are twice as hard as those cracked by the papilliform morphs. During ecological bottlenecks in food resources this ability shou...

................................................................................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES .........................

There is a significant relationship between the intestine length (Y) and total body length (X) for 11 species of freshwater fish (Y = 0.08X1.42). Sufficient variation exists about this relationship to indicate important differences among the species' diets. The diets for each species, ranked on a Trophic Index scale determined from literature data, are negatively rank order correlated with the ...

The acidity of the gastric contents in the unfed newborn infant was first investigated by Szydlowski (1892a and b). He recorded the presence of free hydrochloric acid. Hess (1913) found free hydrochloric acid in varying amounts in 54 out of 55 infants, and recorded unexpectedly high values. Pollitzer (1921) made similar observations on 100 infants. The pH of the gastric contents was estimated f...

REINECKE, R. K. An anthelmintic test for gastro-intestinal nematodes of cattle. Onderstepoort]. vet. Res. 39(3), 153-178 (1972). Suitable experimental groups of calves for controlled anthelmintic tests were created by repeatedly dosing susceptible worm-free animals orally with infective larvae of Haemonchus placei, Osterta,~ia ostertagi, Oesophagostomum radiatttm and Cooperia spp. (C. pectinata...

To provide much needed quantitative data on the lethal and sublethal effects of plastic pollution on marine wildlife, we sampled breast feathers and stomach contents from Flesh-footed Shearwater (Puffinus carneipes) fledglings in eastern Australia. Birds with high levels of ingested plastic exhibited reduced body condition and increased contaminant load (p < 0.05). More than 60% of fledglings e...

BACKGROUND Dental microwear analyses are commonly used to deduce the diet of extinct mammals. Conventional methods rely on the user identifying features within a 2D image. However, recent interdisciplinary research has lead to the development of an advanced methodology that is free of observer error, based on the automated quantification of 3D surfaces by combining confocal microscopy with scal...

The digestibility of horse feeds and rations can be determined using different techniques such as calculations based on the chemical composition, in vivo or in vitro methods. The marker methods overcome difficulties like discomfort for the animals and longer experimental times encountered using the ingesta/egesta method. In field conditions, a natural indigestible marker like acid-insoluble ash...