During stereotactic body radiotherapy, high radiation dose (~60 Gy) is delivered to the tumour in small fractionation regime. In this study, the dosimetric characteristics were studied using radiochromic film during respiratory-gated and non-gated lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Specifically, the effect of respiratory cycle and amplitude, as well as gating window on the dosimetry we...

Guimaraes et al. (1998) showed that sound-evoked fMRI activation in the auditory midbrain was significantly improved by a method which reduces image signal variability associated with cardiac-related brainstem motion. The method, cardiac gating, synchronizes image acquisition to a constant phase of the cardiac cycle. Since that study, several improvements to auditory fMRI have been made, and it...

With the emergence of portable computing and communication system, power awareness is one of the major objectives of VLSI Design. This is its ability to scale power consumption based on the time-varying nature of inputs. Even though the system is not designed for being power aware, systems display variations in power consumption as conditions change. This implies, by the definition above, that ...

The mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) has become a model system in which to understand mechanosensation, a process involved in osmoregulation and many other physiological functions. While a high resolution closed state structure is available, details of the open structure and the gating mechanism remain unknown. In this study we combine coarse grained simulations with restrai...

The cold-sensing channel transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) features Ca(2+)-dependent downregulation, a cellular process underlying somatosensory accommodation in cold environments. The Ca(2+)-dependent functional downregulation of TRPM8 is manifested with two distinctive phases, acute desensitization and tachyphylaxis. Here we show in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons that TRPM8 ...

Cough is an important defensive reflex that eliminates particles and secretions from the airways and protects the lower airways from the aspiration of foreign materials. Although the classical cough center is thought to be situated in or around the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the brainstem, our understanding of its profile is still incomplete. Accumulating evidence suggests a new concep...

Power gating has emerged as a promising technique for reduction of leakage current in sub-100nm CMOS circuits. To identify power gating opportunities within a system, logic circuits must be characterized for design overheads they present when power gating structures are inserted. In this paper, models are developed to quantify two mode transition overheads: wakeup time and wakeup energy using b...

BACKGROUND Auditory gating is thought to reflect sensory information processing and is absent or diminished in schizophrenic patients. Although abnormal thalamic sensory processing has been proposed in schizophrenia, sensory gating of thalamic neurons has not been demonstrated experimentally. The aim of the present study was to establish whether auditory gating is present in the rat thalamus us...

The structural similarity between the primary molecules of voltage-gated Na and K channels (alpha subunits) and activation gating in the Hodgkin-Huxley model is brought into full agreement by increasing the model's sodium kinetics to fourth order (m(3) → m(4)). Both structures then virtually imply activation gating by four independent subprocesses acting in parallel. The kinetics coalesce in fo...

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis and normokalemic periodic paralysis are caused by mutations of the gating charge-carrying arginine residues in skeletal muscle Na(V)1.4 channels, which induce gating pore current through the mutant voltage sensor domains. Inward sodium currents through the gating pore of mutant R666G are only approximately 1% of central pore current, but substitution of guanidine ...