OBJECTIVES To assess and to compare the effects of Gluma® Desensitizer (GDL) with an experimental glutaraldehyde and HEMA containing fumed silica dispersion (GDG) on dentin permeability using a chemiluminous tracer penetration test. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty disc-shaped dentin specimens were dissected from extracted human third molars. The dentin specimens were mounted in a split chamber de...

BACKGROUND Novice drivers are at relatively high risk of road traffic injury. There is good evidence that Graduated Driving Licensing (GDL) schemes reduce collisions rates, by reducing exposure to risk and by extending learning periods. Legislation for a proposed scheme in Northern Ireland was passed in 2016, providing an opportunity for future evaluation of the full public health impacts of a ...

Purpose This paper aims to numerically investigate the impact of gas diffusion layer (GDL) anisotropic transport properties on overall and local performance polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Design/methodology/approach A three-dimensional numerical model a cell with single straight channel has been developed sensitivity GDL – permeability, diffusivity, thermal conductivity electrical cond...

Abstract Machine-generated artworks are now part of the contemporary art scene: they attracting significant investments and presented in exhibitions together with those created by human artists. These mainly based on generative deep learning (GDL) techniques, which have seen a formidable development remarkable refinement very recent years. Given inherent characteristics these series novel legal...

In a PEMFC, feeding dry hydrogen into a dead-ended anode (DEA), reduces the overall system cost, weight and volume due to reduced need for a hydrogen-grade humidification and recirculation subsystems, but requires purging to remove the accumulated water and inert gas. Although the DEA method of operation might be undesirable due to its associated high spatial variability it provides a unique pe...

Hydrogen is considered to be the fuel of future and with advancement cell technology, there a renewed interest in hydrogen production by electrolysis water. Among low-temperature water options, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer preferred choice due its compact size, intermittent use, connectivity renewable energy. In addition, it possible generate compressed directly PEM electroly...

Fatal car crashes are the leading cause of death among teenagers in USA. The Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programme is one effective policy for reducing number teen fatal crashes. Our study focuses on Michigan during 1990–2004 excluding 1997, when GDL started. We use Poisson regression with spatially dependent random effects to model county level crash counts. develop a measurement error ac...

This study presents an experimental stack-level thermal and hydrodynamic assessment of a model air-cooled PEM fuel cell. To mimic the heat generation inside the MEA, rubber heater films are used. Pressure drop along the stack channels and temperature distribution on the bipolar plate surface are measured for the channel Reynolds number range of 200-500 and the stack input power range of 100-250...

Water transport in vapor/liquid form gas diffusion layers (GDL) of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) are numerically investigated this study. A stochastic method is employed to reconstruct the 3D structured GDL, then a validated phase change solver developed and implemented OpenFOAM platform simulate vapor condensation process. Comprehensive simulations carried out analyze GDL porosity...

In this paper, we experimentally investigated two high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) stacks for their response to the presence of reformate impurities in an anode gas stream. The investigation was aimed at characterizing effects stack level, including humidified conditions and identifying fault features diagnosis purposes. Two HT-PEMFC 37 cells each with active a...