BACKGROUND Although neighborhoods with more collective efficacy have better health in general, recent work suggests that social norms and collective efficacy may in combination influence health behaviors such as smoking. METHODS Using data from the New York Social Environment Study (conducted in 2005; n=4000), we examined the separate and combined associations of neighborhood collective effic...

participation of people in their cities and neighborhoods has always been emphasized by researchers and experts in order to improve the quality of citizens’ life and having efficient urban management. however, it seems that providing participation contexts at local level by citizens needs preparations and substrates that facilitate participation. in the meantime, establishing a neighborhood man...

In this paper, we define a generalized class of starlike functions with negative coefficients and obtain coefficient estimates, distortion bounds, closure theorems and extreme points. Further we obtain modified Hadamard product, radii of close-to-convex, starlikeness and convexity for functions belonging to this class. Furthermore neighborhood results are discussed.

By means of the generalized fractional calculus operator, we introduce and investigate a subclass of p−valent functions with negative coefficients. We obtain the coefficient estimates, distortion bounds for the class. Furthermore, we discuss inclusion relationship involving the neighborhood result of the same. Mathematics Subject Classification: 30C45

Given two cellu lar automata rules represented as operato rs Q and X, together with certain nat ural restrictions on their neighborhood st ruct ures , an algor ithm is provided which yields two other rules, A and R, such that Q = AX +R. A generalized arithmetic of residues follows from this.