In this study, we employed the planar source illumination (PSI) geometry to quantify optical properties of turbid media. Delta-P1 and P1 photon diffusion models were utilized to calculate the reflectance in the PSI geometry. The performance of the P1 and Delta-P1 diffusion models was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation and liquid phantom measurements. Our results revealed that Delta-P1 diffu...

A numerical study based on large eddy simulation (LES) is performed to investigate the nonlinear interaction of a semidiurnal (M2) internal wave beam with an upper ocean pycnocline. During refraction through the pycnocline, the wave beam undergoes parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) with formation of waves with (1/2)M2 frequency. The three-dimensional LES enables new results that quantify ...

We introduced the continuous and discrete $p$-adic shearlet systems. We restrict ourselves to a brief description of the $p$-adic theory and shearlets in real case. Using the group $G_p$ consist of all $p$-adic numbers that all of its elements have a square root, we defined the continuous $p$-adic shearlet system associated with $L^2left(Q_p^{2}right)$. The discrete $p$-adic shearlet frames for...

Using 5.9~pb$^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ annihilation data collected at center-of-mass energies from 3.640 to 3.701 GeV with the BESIII detector BEPCII Collider, we measure observed cross sections $e^+e^-\rightarrow K_{S}^{0} X$ (where $X= \text{anything}$). From a fit these sum continuum and $\psi(3686)$ $J/\psi$ Breit-Wigner functions considering initial state radiation beam energy spread, obtain for ...

In this paper, using Clarke’s generalized directional derivative and dI-invexity we introduce new concepts of nonsmooth K-α-dI-invex and generalized type I univex functions over cones for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem with cone constraints. We obtain some sufficient optimality conditions and Mond-Weir type duality results under the foresaid generalized invexity and type I cone-univexi...

a general notion of completely monotone functionals on an ordered banach algebra b into a proper h*-algebra a with an integral representation for such functionals is given. as an application of this result we have obtained a characterization for the generalized completely continuous monotone functions on weighted foundation semigroups. a generalized version of bochner’s theorem on foundation se...