The mutualistic interaction in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is characterized by an exchange of mineral nutrients and carbon. The major benefit of AM, which is the supply of phosphate to the plant, and the stimulation of mycorrhization by low phosphate fertilization has been well studied. However, less is known about the regulatory function of carbon availability on AM formation. Here the effect o...

Vertical soil microcosms flushed with groundwater were used to study the influence of water movement on survival and transport of a genetically engineered Pseudomonas fluorescens C5t strain through a loamy sand and a loam soil. Transport of cells introduced into the top 1 cm of the vertical soil microcosms was dependent on the flow rate of water and the number of times microcosms were flushed w...

The vibration of structures is governed by a set of second-order ordinary differential equations in which the ( f ) coefficient matrices are real. These equations often produce both complex roots and complex modes. In the established method for computing the roots, the eigenvalue problem is solved for a certain (2 f 2 ) matrix whose form is such that it contains an ( f ) submatrix of zeros as o...

Salvia miltiorrhiza is an annual plant growing in China, Mongolia, Korea and some other Asian countries. The extract from S. miltiorrhiza roots has been used for supporting healthy cardiovascular and circulatory systems during the last decade. The active constituents of S. miltiorrhiza from different areas vary significantly, and the wild resources are overexploited. To adapt the demand for act...

Institut für Biologie V (Ökologie/Ökotoxikologie/Ökoehemie), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Z. Naturforsch. 49c, 719-726 (1994); received August 1/September 7, 1994 Glycine max, Triticum aestivum, 3,4-Dichloroaniline, Metabolism, Translocation The roots of 13-day-old soybean (Glycine max L.) and 7-day-old wheat ( Triticu...

Root extracts of Rauwolfia serpentina have been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine as a panacea for a wide variety of physical as well as mental disorders. The potential of Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation for the synthesis of phytomolecules of high pharmaceutical value is now well established and documented. Transgenic roots were induced from R. serpentina leaf ex...

* In this study, we tested whether the organogenesis of symbiotic root nodules, lateral roots and root galls induced by parasitic root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) was regulated by the presence of flavonoids in the roots of Medicago truncatula. Flavonoids accumulate in all three types of root organ, and have been hypothesized previously to be required for secondary root organogenesis b...