Determination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes plays an important role in the direct-acting agent era. Discrepancies between HCV genotyping and serotyping assays are occasionally observed. Eighteen samples with discrepant results between genotyping and serotyping methods were analyzed. HCV serotyping and genotyping were based on the HCV nonstructural 4 (NS4) region and 5'-untranslated regio...

Summary This study examines the extent to which wheat varieties supplied by formal seed system align with demanded and used farmers in Ethiopia. The framework of stated revealed preferences drawn from consumer preference theory is analyze farmer demand for different varieties. We official data sector representative survey farm households allow contrast reported varietal use genotyping sequencin...

background: the accuracy of diagnostic assays in human papillomavirus (hpv) genital infection and cervical cancer has remained a clinical challenge in diagnosis.  evidence indicates that a large proportion of cervical cancer can be prevented through organized care for hpv and testing. countries with low per capita income, such as iran and its neighbours, have no national organized program for c...

background: hepatitis b virus (hbv) causes acute and chronic liver disease worldwide. hbv has eight genotypes (a to h) which is the reflection of its genome with their characteristic geographical distribution. each genotype could have different pathogenic and therapeutic characteristics. there have been few records on hbv genotyping in general population from our region. this study aimed to det...

objectives the present study aimed to evaluate the genotypes and prevalence of mutations in a segment of s and rt gene in hbv isolates in southern khorasan, iran. methods this was a population-based study comprising 5,235 randomized samples for hbv screening. a nested-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test was followed by direct sequencing, and the sequences blast with present sequences of ncbi d...

an attempt has been made to analyze the distribution of the beta-lactoglobulin genotype in swamp buffaloes and murrah buffaloes utilizing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(pcr-rflp). blood samples were taken from 50 swamp buffaloes and 50 murrah buffaloes. the dna was extracted by the phenol-chloroform method. the pcr-rflp was performed using beta-lactoglobulin ...

background : helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) infection is known as a major etiologic factor for a variety of gastroduodenal diseases. in iran, with a high rate of h. pylori infection close to 90%, numerous studies have revealed many aspects of interaction between the bacterium, mucosal surface and induction of disease outcome. the organism is genetically diverse and several virulence factors ...

background: group b streptococcus (gbs) is the major cause of serious life threatening infections in neonates, pregnant women, and other adults with underlying diseases. capsular polysaccharide typing is a significant way for epidemiological studies of gbs, the pathogenesis, and other studies associated with gbs infections including surveillance programs and vaccine development in future. molec...