In India, as in most of Asia, prevalence is higher in northern states as compared to southern ones. Three factors may account for these geographical differences, including: a) a higher availability of wheat flour in some regions or countries because of historical or geographical reasons; b) a different distribution of known genetic susceptibility markers among the general population, mainly rel...

Nepal, with an area of 147,181 square kilometers (km), is a land of enormous geographical diversity. The country has three main geographical/ecological regions: the terai region, the hill region and the mountain region, which cover 23.1 percent, 41.7 percent, and 35.2 percent of the total area, respectively. Each ecological region is a narrow strip of land stretching from east to west. These th...

South Asia--comprising India, Pakistan, countries in the sub-Himalayan region and Myanmar--was one of the first geographical regions to have been peopled by modern humans. This region has served as a major route of dispersal to other geographical regions, including southeast Asia. The Indian society comprises tribal, ranked caste, and other populations that are largely endogamous. As a result o...

Rice false smut caused by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens is becoming a destructive disease throughout major rice-growing countries. Information about its genetic diversity and population structure is essential for rice breeding and efficient control of the disease. This study compared the genome sequences of two U. virens isolates. Three SNP-rich genomic regions were identified as mo...

â â â  the geographical territory of caucasia includes areas which have been referred to, in various forms, in geographical, historical and even literary texts. studies on the history of caucasia in different eras show that not only this region was not originally called by this name, but, later on, this name was not used for what is now modern caucasia. studies show that each part of caucasia w...

Electronic social media offers new opportunities for informal communication in written language, while at the same time, providing new datasets that allow researchers to document dialect variation from records of natural communication among millions of individuals. The unprecedented scale of this data enables the application of quantitative methods to automatically discover the lexical variable...

PURPOSE Global data on age-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection overall, and for high-risk HPV types 16 and 18, are essential for the future implementation of HPV prophylactic vaccines for cervical cancer prevention. METHODS A systematic review of peer-reviewed publications was conducted to summarize worldwide data on genital HPV-DNA prevalence in women. Studies with cl...

BACKGROUND Vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent. Most of the studies concerning vitamin D status were generated from countries situated at temperate latitudes. It is less clear what the extent of vitamin D insufficiency is in countries situated in the tropics and how geographical regions within country would affect vitamin D status. In the present study, we investigated vitamin D status ...

Geographical gradients in selection can shape different genetic architectures in natural populations, reflecting potential genetic constraints for adaptive evolution under climate change. Investigation of natural pH/pCO2 variation in upwelling regions reveals different spatio-temporal patterns of natural selection, generating genetic and phenotypic clines in populations, and potentially leading...

In this paper it is tested which of the various alternative approaches for constructing knowledge spillover pools suggested in existing literature measures the extent to which a rm can costlessly receive external knowledge best. Since knowledge spillovers are unmeasurable, a `goodness of t' measure is constructed using innovation survey data. It turns out that measures of the uncentered correla...