in recent years, shallow bark canker of walnut (juglandis regia l.) trees has become fairly widespread in iran. to determine the distribution of the disease in golestan, mazandaran and gilan provinces, from early summer to mid-fall seasons of 2004, more than one hundred bark samples were collected from walnut trees showing symptoms of shallow bark canker. sixty strains of bacteria were isolated...

raccoon is a native species to north and central america. at present, it is an invasive species in many countries such as japan, germany, russia and iran. raccoon was observed for the first time in gilan province in iran in 1991. this research was employed ecological niche factor analysis (enfa) method to model habitat selection of raccoon in lavandevil wildlife refuge. the results showed that ...

Surveys were carried out to determine species composition and host range of powdery mildews (Erysiphaceae) in Gilan province, Iran. Twenty seven taxa were identified. Among them Erysiphe circaeae, E. punicae, E. urticae, Microsphaera erlangshanensis, M. multappendicis, M. trifolii and Podosphaera clandestine/ var. cydonia are new to Iran. Parietaria officinalis and Phuopsis stylosa are new host...

A family in which two members are affected by pemphigus vulgaris is presented from Gilan. Up to now only 25 families in which more than one member was affected have been reported

Play and Game are considered as the oldest cultural behaviors as the universal elements of human culture in all communities and groups. Gilan province in Iran, especially their villages, has a unique folklore especially its local games and plays. Nevertheless, it is necessary to document and analyze the immense information about the folklore in these villages before it vanishes in the sea of so...

a survey on the hover flies (diptera: syrphidae) fauna of northern iran, between 2010 and 2011, led to the discovery of the species pipiza accola violovitsh, 1985. both the genus and species are newly recorded from iran. all the specimens were collected from gilan and mazandaran provinces, using malaise traps. the diagnostic characters of p. accola and its geographical distribution is presented.