Porencephaly was observed in a female cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) aged 5 years and 7 months. The cerebral hemisphere exhibited diffuse brownish excavation with partial defects of the full thickness of the hemispheric wall, and it constituted open channels between the lateral ventricular system and arachnoid space. In addition, the bilateral occipital lobe was slightly atrophied. His...

In surgical neuropathology, as in other areas of pathology, before making a diagnosis of “tumor” the possibility of a non-neoplastic process should be fully considered and excluded. “Gliosis” is a non-specific change that is encountered quite often in routine practice and may accompany both neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions. Because there is usually some type of pathological process that ...

We describe the clinical course and postmortem pathological findings in a patient with essential tremor (ET) treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) for 12 years. This 75 year old woman had a 13-year history of progressive ET prior to implantation of bilateral quadripolar DBS electrodes in the region of her ventral intermediate thalamic nuclei in 1996, producing immediate relief of arm tremor...

Increasing evidence suggests that microglia experience two distinct phenotypes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS): a deleterious M1 phenotype and neuroprotective M2 phenotype. Promoting the shift of to is thought improve functional recovery AIS. Minocycline, tetracycline antibiotic, can cerebral ischemia in pre-clinical clinical research. However, role mechanisms minocycline polarization unclear...

Formalin-fixed brain slices from four cases of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy in which a firm diagnosis could be made both clinically and pathologically have been studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The slices were subsequently embedded in paraffin-wax or celloidin and sections were cut in the same plane as the MRI slices. There was a good correlation between the extent an...

BACKGROUND Although essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurologic disorders, there have been few postmortem studies. We recently reported postmortem changes (torpedoes and Bergmann gliosis) in the cerebellar cortex in a few ET cases. OBJECTIVE To describe more extensive postmortem changes in the cerebellum in another ET case. DESIGN Case report. RESULTS A 90-year-old woman ha...