Abstract Recent decades have witnessed growing frequency and severity of catastrophic droughts in many regions the world. Despite lots studies having been dedicated to extreme drought investigation, fundamental question that has long ignored is, What is drought? The answer much more complex than it first appears, because a critical issue study multiscalar nature. To address challenge, this esta...

The aim of the study is to examine causal relationship between VIX index, oil price, dollar and BIST-Tourism index in context global EPU February 1997 September 2022. To achieve this aim, Fourier Toda Yamamoto (TY) causality test fractional TY were used. results show that there a one-way causative price. In addition, it seen bidirectional index. According obtained from test, BIST-tourism was fo...