Aim Our understanding of the biological strategies employed by species to cope with challenges posed aridity is still limited. Despite being sensitive water loss, bats successfully inhabit a wide range arid lands. We here investigated how functional traits bat assemblages vary along global gradient identify that favour their persistence in environments. Location Global. Time period Contemporary...

In previous work [14], we modify the hidden Markov model (HMM) framework to incorporate a global parametric variation in the output probabilities of the states of the HMM. Development of the parametric hidden Markov model (PHMM) was motivated by the task of simultaneously recognizing and interpreting gestures that exhibit meaningful variation. With standard HMMs, such global variation confounds...