Complexes of glutamic acid (Glu) cationized with Zn2+ and Cd2+ were examined by infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) action spectroscopy using light generated from a free electron laser. Complexes of deprotonated Glu with Zn2+, [Zn(Glu-H)ACN]+ (where ACN = acetonitrile, CH3CN), and intact Glu with CdCl+, CdCl+(Glu) were formed. Notably, photodissociation induces Glu fragmentation rathe...

To establish an assay system for evaluation of the uptake and reversed transport of glutamate, we examined the effects of Na(+)-concentration and pharmacological agents on the extracellular glutamate concentration ([Glu](o)) in rat cortical synaptosomes in vitro. There was a decrease and increase of the [Glu](o) at high and low Na(+) concentrations, respectively, in a Ca(2+)-free medium. The ch...

At high concentrations, glutamate (Glu) exerts potent neurotoxic properties, leading to irreversible brain damages found in numerous neurological disorders. The accepted notion that Glu homeostasis in brain interstitial fluid is maintained primarily through the activity of Glu transporters present on glial cells does not take into account the possible contribution of endothelial cells constitut...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Gluten (GLU)-specific T-cell responses in HLA-DQ2 positive adult celiac disease (CD) patients are directed to an immunodominant alpha-gliadin (GLIA) peptide that requires deamidation for T-cell recognition. The aim of the current study was to determine which GLU peptide(s) are involved early in disease. METHODS We have characterized the GLU-specific T-cell response in HLA-DQ...

Potential applicability of pristine and Al-doped boron carbide nanotube (BCN Al-BCN) as glucose (GLU) sensor is investigated using density functional theory. Adsorption GLU on top BCN leads to adsorption energy (Eads), enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free (ΔG) −14.82, −14.35, −0.97 kcal.mol−1, respectively. While the corresponding values for Al-BCN are calculated be –23.29, −24.17, −11.03 The detection po...

High molecular weight glutenin subunit composition and variation in 95 Elite-1 synthetic hexaploid (SH) wheats (Triticum turgidum/Aegilops tauschii; 2n = 6× = 42; AABBDD) were determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method (SDS-PAGE). Twenty two different alleles at Glu-1 loci in SHs were observed. Forty four different patterns of HMW-GS in synthetics were found...

The tectofugal system of the pigeon was examined for the distribution of several glutamate-receptor subunits (AMPA Glu R1, Glu R2/3, Glu R4) and the calcium binding protein parvalbumin. With respect to the different antigens, a heterogeneous distribution was observed. Within the optic tectum, the Glu R1 like immunoreactivity was limited to the layers 2-5, 9, 10, and sparsely in layer 13, wherea...