Acting on the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), glucocorticoids are widely used to treat inflammatory diseases. However, glucocorticoid resistance often leads to suboptimal asthma control. Since glucocorticoid-induced gene expression contributes to glucocorticoid activity, the aim of this study was to use a 2 × glucocorticoid response element (GRE) reporter and glucocorticoid-induced gene expres...

Glucocorticoids play important roles in the regulation of distinct aspects of adipocyte biology. Excess glucocorticoids in adipocytes are associated with metabolic disorders, including central obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. To understand the mechanisms underlying the glucocorticoid action in adipocytes, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to isolate genome-wide gluco...

Two newly identified, overlapping (1 bp) glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) at -759 and -773 bp in the promoter of the rat phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT; EC 2.1.1.28) gene are primarily responsible for its glucocorticoid sensitivity, rather than the originally identified -533-bp GRE. A dose-dependent increase in PNMT promoter activity was observed in RS1 cells transfected wi...

CONTEXT Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a serious complication of systemic glucocorticoid therapy. OBJECTIVE To clarify the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on the HPA axis after onset of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-eight glucocorticoid-naïve patients with systemic autoimmune diseases ...

OF James B. Fisk, formerly assistant director of physical research, Bell Telephone Laboratories, who resigned on February 1 to become director, Division of Research, Atomic Energy Commission. Dr. Fisk joined the Bell staff in 1939 after a year as associate professor of physics at the University of North Carolina. After receiving his B. S. degree in 1931 and his Ph.D. in 1935 from Massachusetts ...

In patients with advanced bladder cancer, glucocorticoids are frequently given to reduce acute toxicity, particularly hyperemesis, during chemotherapy, as well as to improve cachectic conditions. However, it remains unclear whether glucocorticoids directly affect the development and progression of bladder cancer through the glucocorticoid receptor pathway. Glucocorticoid receptor expression was...

Previous studies in rats using the Morris water maze suggested that the processing of spatial information is modulated by corticosteroid hormones through mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. Mineralocorticoid receptors appear to be involved in the modulation of explorative behaviour, while additional activation of glucocorticoid receptors facilitates the storage of...

Conditions with chronically elevated glucocorticoid levels are usually associated with declarative memory deficits. Considerable evidence suggests that long-term glucocorticoid exposure may cause cognitive impairment via cumulative and long-lasting influences on hippocampal function and morphology. However, because elevated glucocorticoid levels at the time of retention testing are also known t...

The 5'-flanking region [1892 base pairs (bp)] of the rat aryl sulfotransferase (SULT1A1) gene was cloned and the cis-acting sequences involved in glucocorticoid-inducible SULT1A1 gene transcription were characterized. SULT1A1 promoter and 5'-flanking sequences lacked a TATA box and a consensus glucocorticoid response element. Using a 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends approach, four SULT1A1 tr...

Glucocorticoids are provided as co-medication with chemotherapy in breast cancer, albeit several lines of evidence indicate that their use may have diverse effects and in fact may inhibit chemosensitivity. The molecular basis of glucocorticoid-induced resistance to chemotherapy in breast cancer remains poorly defined. Recent researchers, in an attempt to clarify some aspects of the underlying p...