Energy deprivation poses a tremendous challenge to skeletal muscle. Glucose (ATP) depletion causes muscle fibers to undergo rapid adaptive changes toward the use of fatty acids (instead of glucose) as fuel. Physiological situations involving energy deprivation in skeletal muscle include exercise and fasting. A vast body of evidence is available on the signaling pathways that lead to structural/...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Experimental evidence supports a major role of increased intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i levels in the induction of neuronal damage during cerebral ischemia. However, the source of Ca2+ rise has not been fully elucidated. To clarify further the role and the origin of Ca2+ in cerebral ischemia, we have studied the effects of various pharmacological agents in an in vitro mode...

Background and Purpose—Experimental evidence supports a major role of increased intracellular calcium [Ca]i levels in the induction of neuronal damage during cerebral ischemia. However, the source of Ca rise has not been fully elucidated. To clarify further the role and the origin of Ca in cerebral ischemia, we have studied the effects of various pharmacological agents in an in vitro model of o...

The effect of glucose deprivation on the uptake of leucine has been examined in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from rat aortae. Equimolar substitution of sucrose or fructose for glucose in the culture medium enhanced the uptake of leucine in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The effect was first detectable after 12 h and reached the maximum, 2-fold, after 48 h with an ...

Metabolic stress, such as an insufficient supply of nutrients or oxygen owing to inadequate tumor neovascularization, metastasis, or therapy, is a microenvironmental condition frequently encountered by cancer cells [1]. The ability to survive metabolic stress is thus a necessity for tumor initiation and progression. The serine/threonine kinase AKT (also known as protein kinase B) is a primary m...

INTRODUCTION The avascular nature of the human intervertebral disc (IVD) is thought to play a major role in disc pathophysiology by limiting nutrient supply to resident IVD cells. In the human IVD, the central IVD cells at maturity are normally chondrocytic in phenotype. However, abnormal cell phenotypes have been associated with degenerative disc diseases, including cell proliferation and clus...

Background: Constitutive production of blood coagulation proteins by hepatocytes is necessary for hemostasis. Stressful conditions trigger adaptive cellular responses and delay processing of most proteins, potentially affecting plasma levels of proteins secreted exclusively by hepatocytes. We examined the effect of glucose deprivation on expression of coagulation proteins by the human hepatoma ...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ENR) stress perturbs cell homeostasis and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). In breast cancer, this process is activated by oestrogen deprivation associated with tamoxifen resistance. We present evidence that transcription factor SOX2 long noncoding RNA overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) are upregulated in receptor-positive (ER+) cancer to deprivation. examined eff...

The present review evaluates the role of sleep and its alteration in triggering problems of glucose metabolism and the possible involvement of adipokines in this process. A reduction in the amount of time spent sleeping has become an endemic condition in modern society, and a search of the current literature has found important associations between sleep loss and alterations of nutritional and ...

Monocytes enter sites of microbial or sterile inflammation as the first line of defense of the immune system and initiate pro-inflammatory effector mechanisms. We show that activation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces them to undergo a metabolic shift toward aerobic glycolysis, similar to the Warburg effect observed in cancer cells. At sites of inflammation, however, glucose conce...