Background. First-line treatment for paediatric nephrotic syndrome, a chronic disease characterised by proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema, is corticosteroid therapy. An association between African ethnicity steroid resistance has been reported, but published data from sub-Saharan Africa are limited lack consensus on the prevalence of steroid-resistant disease. Objective. We aimed to descr...

Both short- (1 wk) and long-term (2-12 mo) high-fat diet (HFD) studies reveal enhanced β-cell mass due to increased β-cell proliferation. β-Cell proliferation following HFD has been postulated to occur in response to insulin resistance; however, whether HFD can induce β-cell proliferation independent of insulin resistance has been controversial. To examine the kinetics of HFD-induced β-cell pro...

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response in sepsis remains to be elucidated. Apart from corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, many other neuroendocrine factors participate in the regulation of HPA stress response. The HPA response to acute and chronic illness exerts a biphasic profile. Tissue corticosteroid resistance may also play an importan...

purpose: to compare the effect of high dose intravenous corticosteroid therapy with placebo in the treatment of recent traumatic optic neuropathy (ton). methods: in a double masked-placebo controlled clinical trial, 31 eyes of 31 patients were randomly assigned into two groups. only patients with history of ophthalmic or head trauma within the past 7 days were included. unconscious patients, th...

background & objectives: streptozotocin (stz) is used for induction of type-1 diabetes mellitus in animal models. its beta-cytotoxic action results in sudden release of insulin leading to severe hypoglycaemia and even mortality. however, its sensitivity varies with species. present investigation was aimed at studying stz induced acute clinical effects in rabbits. methods: streptozotocin@ 65...

a novel type of brainstem-predominant encephalomyelitis was first described as chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (clippers) in 2010 by pittocket al and then few additional patients were reported. here we report a 50-year-old iranian male who presented with a number of clinical features described as typical for clippers. the association...