A tentative primary structure of the NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase [L-glutamate: NADP oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.1.4] from Neurospora crassa has been determined. The proposed sequence contains 452 amino-acid residues in each of the identical subunits of the hexameric enzyme. Comparison of the sequence with that of the bovine liver enzyme reveals considerable homology in the am...

The monomer units in the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus cell wall peptidoglycans differ in the nature of the third amino acid in the L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-X-D-alanyl-D-alanine side chain, where X is meso-diaminopimelic acid or L-lysine, respectively. The murE gene from S. aureus encoding the UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate: L-lysine ligase was identified and cloned int...

In contrast to the increased uptake of amino acids which has been found in many neoplastic cells, we have observed a decrease in the net uptake of [14C]aspartate and [14C]glutamate in rapidly growing hepatomas relative to rat host liver. When measured 10 min after s.c. injection, the radioactivity from 14C-labeled dicarboxylic amino acids was greater in liver than in all other tissues examined ...

These experiments were undertaken to determine the source of alanine released by skeletal muscle and to clarify the possible relationships between this process and the degradation of branched chain amino acids, the release of glutamine, and protein turnover in this tissue. During incubation in vitro, the rat diaphragm underwent net protein breakdown and released amino acids into the medium at a...

e-mail: [email protected] This article is based on the foreword for Symposia 15 (S15) of the 131st Annual Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. Fig. 1. Distribution of Nutrient Sensors in Gastrointestinal Organs Summary of current knowledge on the taste receptor gene expression is illustrated. T1Rs; T1R1/T1R3 (umami taste), T1R1/T1R3 (sweet taste); mGluRs; metabotrophic ...

Dehalococcoides species are key players in the anaerobic transformation of halogenated solvents at contaminated sites. Here, we analyze isotopologue distributions in amino acid pools from peptides of Dehalococcoides strain CBDB1 after incubation with (13)C-labeled acetate or bicarbonate as a carbon source. The resulting data were interpreted with regard to genome annotations to identify amino a...

Administration of simvastatin (80 mg/kg, po. evening dose) and gemfibrozil (600 mg/kg, po twice) for 30 days produced significant decrease in the level of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and increase in the level of lipid peroxidation and various serum parameters (creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, creatinine, urea and b...

The kinetics of 18 amino acids, ammonia (NH3) and urea (UREA) in 18 liver cell bioreactor runs were analyzed and simulated by a two-compartment model consisting of a system of 42 differential equations. The model parameters, most of them representing enzymatic activities, were identified and their values discussed with respect to the different liver cell bioreactor performance levels. The nitro...

Although urea transport is receiving increased attention in mammalian systems, little is known about urea transport in fish tissues. Recently, we identified a phloretin-sensitive urea efflux pathway in hepatocytes of gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta), a ureogenic teleost. The present study sought to further examine this transport system and its potential interrelation with metabolic urea production....

Three trials evaluated the protein and energy value of high-lysine corn for finishing calves. In Trial 1, 60 finishing steer calves were used to evaluate corn source (high-lysine vs control) and protein source (urea, blood meal [BM], corn gluten meal [CGM]) and level (BM and CGM addition; low, medium, high). Calves were individually fed using Calan gates for 102 d, and then were pen-fed (two pe...