BACKGROUND The aim of our work was to develop and validate a reliable LC-MS/MS-based measurement procedure for the quantification of vancomycin in serum, to be applied in the context of efforts to standardize and harmonize therapeutic drug monitoring of this compound using routine assays. METHODS Sample preparation was based on protein precipitation followed by ultrafiltration. In order to mi...

PRINCIPLES Therapeutic target serum concentrations of first-line antituberculosis drugs have not been well defined in clinical studies in tuberculosis (TB) patients. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the estimated maximum serum concentrations (eC max) of antituberculosis drugs and clinical outcome of TB patients with therapeutic drug monitoring performed between 2010-2012 at our institu...

Extrapolation of the effects of ozone on seedlings to large trees and forest stands is a common objective of current assessment activities, but few studies have examined whether seedlings are useful surrogates for understanding how mature trees respond to ozone. This two-year study utilized a replicated open-top chamber facility to test the effects of subambient, ambient and twice ambient ozone...

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in resting, submaximal, and maximal (V˙o 2 max) oxygen consumption (V˙o 2) in African-American ( n = 44) and Caucasian ( n = 31) prepubertal children aged 5-10 yr. RestingV˙o 2 was measured via indirect calorimetry in the fasted state. SubmaximalV˙o 2 andV˙o 2 max were determined during an all out, progressive treadmill exercise test appropri...

Estradiol may be cardioprotective; however, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Recent findings that estradiol attenuates neointima formation in estrogen receptor knockout mice suggest that the cardioprotective effects of estradiol may be mediated through estrogen receptor-independent mechanisms. Because 2-methoxyestradiol, an endogenous metabolite of estradiol with no affinity for estrogen...

the essential oil extracted from the epicarp of citrus sinensis exhibited absolute fungitoxicity against soybean’s fungus as alternaria alternate, aspergillus niger, cercospora kikuchii, chaetomium spp., cladosporium cladosporioides, curvularia lunata, fusarium roseum, macrophomina phaseolina, penicillium italicum, phomopsisspp. rhizoctonia solani, and sclerotium rolfsii. it is very difficult t...

Let Gl be the graph obtained from Kl by adhering the root of isomorphic trees T to every vertex of Kl, and dk−j+1 be the degree of vertices in the level j. In this paper we study the spectrum of the adjacency matrix A(Gl) and the Laplacian matrix L(Gl) for all positive integer l, and give some results about the spectrum of the adjacency matrix A(Gl) and the Laplacian matrix L(Gl). By using thes...

Consider the link bandwidth allocation for transport of correlated traac on a single link with nite buuer capacity under a maximum allowable delay constraint d max. In our measurement architecture, traac is decomposed into three frequency regions: low-frequency (LF) traac in 0 < j!j ! L , high-frequency (HF) traac in j!j ! H and mid-frequency (MF) traac in ! L < j!j < ! H. The zero-frequency co...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of an aerobic conditioning program on fitness, respiratory physiology, and resting lung function in patients with mild asthma. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Outpatient rehabilitation facility. METHODS Five patients with mild intermittent asthma and five normal control subjects completed a 10-week aerobic conditioning program. Pulmonary fu...