Abstract The First Amendment commands government neutrality in regulating private speech, but speech itself is exempt from this requirement. Courts have recognized that governance entails educational, informational, and persuasive focused on distinguishing nongovernment speech. Some critics argued that, instead, courts might do well to target manipulates public opinion or abridges as it the con...

The 2003 SARS outbreak highlighted the importance of maintaining an adequate public health (PH) infrastructure, and cast doubt on the wisdom of basing the system locally without adequate provisions for higher-level oversight and coordination. Structurally, it highlighted the policy legacy of the 1998 Ontario decision to download full responsibility for funding PH services to municipal governmen...

The science and technology (S&T) community in the Canadian federal government is responding to the same pressures as other communities in governments around the world to produce better information for taxpayers on programme achievements. At the heart of this response are a number of organisations, including the Canadian Parliament, the Auditor General, the Treasury Board, and numerous departmen...

E-government is basically an application of ICT to provide government services to the citizens by means of internet. This paper gives an overview of state of Punjab which includes economy overview, status of ICT and e-government in the state. In state of Punjab, where IT literacy rate is very low and large segment of population is living below the poverty line, also there is unawareness among t...

In 1994, federal and state governments in the United States spent approximately US$2 848 million on programmes designed to encourage businesses to discover, develop and adopt improved technologies and business practices, and this sum is growing. It is important to taxpayers and policy makers to see if these technology programmes have the desired impact and that this money is well spent. Unfortu...

1 This work is funded by Macao Foundation under the e-Macao project. 2 On leave of absence from the University of Lagos, Nigeria. Many governments worldwide are establishing one-stop portals to provide access to various public services based on the needs of citizens or businesses and not the internal structure of the government. A critical support for such one-stop portals is a workflow infrast...