The satellite-to-ground communications are influenced by ionospheric plasma which varies depending on solar and geomagnetic activities as well as regions and local times. With the expansion of use of the space, continuous monitoring of the ionospheric plasma has become an important issue. In Global Positioning System (GPS), the ionospheric delay, which is proportional to ionospheric total elect...

Despite the traffic increases at the World’s airports, little works have been done on methodologies to improve vehicles and airplanes ground control. This may be leading to reduced safety. Here an integrated system is developed to help guarantee suitable separations of land vehicles and airplanes moving on the airport ground area It can also addressed issues of the optimal use of taxi and runwa...

Abstract The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been with us now for over a decade, providing positioning information across a broad range of . applications. In the geographical information systems area the potential of GPS technology is really only just starting to be realized The major areas of use have been for mapping the locations of features particularly for asset management This papa de...

Urban forests are unique and highly valued resources. However, trees in urban forests are often under greater stress than those in rural or undeveloped areas due to soil compaction, restricted growing spaces, high temperatures, and exposure to air and water pollution. In addition, conditions change more quickly in urban as opposed to rural and undeveloped settings. Subsequently, proactive manag...

M-learning is an important role in e-learning environment by mobile device. However, in Taiwan junior high education, few research was to develop an m-learning system on the geography curriculum. Geography courses are quite indispensable. The sense of direction of training is one of the first studies in Taiwan junior high education of geography curriculum; however, many students’ sense of direc...

In rapid global positioning systems GPS positioning one of the key problems is to quickly determine the ambiguities of GPS carrier phase observables. Since carrier phase observations are generally collected only for a few minutes in the mode of rapid GPS positioning, the least squares floating solution of the ambiguities will be highly correlated and the decorrelation approach has often been us...

We present a new approach to remote sensing of water vapor based on the global positioning system (GPS). Geodesists and geophysicists have devised methods for estimating the extent to which signals propagating from GPS satellites to ground-based GPS receivers are delayed by atmospheric water vapor. This delay is parameterized in terms of a time-varying zenith wet delay (ZWD) which is retrieved ...

Global positioning systems first became available for private use in 1995. Since the introduction of NAVSTAR-GPS (Navigation System with Time and Ranging–Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (Globaluaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, Global Navigation Satellite System), such systems have quickly become indispensable in a wide range of applications. Above all, GPS is used today by a lar...

GPS receivers are widely used in navigation and positioning, due to the global availability of GPS signals, its low cost and low power consumption. However, it does not work sufficiently in all signal environments. This raises the need to integrate GPS with other sensor systems (for instance, the inertial navigation system (INS)) to have a robust, continuous navigation solution regardless of th...

Limited availability of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals in urban canyons is a preventive factor for implementing many position-based systems. Specifically for vehicles, a variety of applications such as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), navigation, and Location-Based Services (LBS) are not properly functional in dense urban areas due to constrained visibility of th...