Familiar wayfinders communicate route directions in a granular manner. In contrast to current navigation services, the detail of the description is adapted to the relation between the start and the target of the route. References to elements of the city are select in a manner leading to a referring expression respecting the conversation maxims formulated by Paul Grice (1975, 1989). We demonstra...

Visual simulation of natural erosion on terrains with granular matter, like sand, soil or gravel has been a fascinating research topic in the field of computer graphics for a long time. Ability of a fluid to drastically change internal structure or external shape of terrain is an important effect in nature. While there are many particle based algorithms to improve process of terrain erosion, on...

Mutant and normal Xenopus laevis embryos (o-nu, i-nu, 2-nu) were examined in the electron microscope after glutaraldehyde and/or osmium-tetroxide fixation. During cleavage both o-nu and wild-type embryos contain multiple small nucleolar bodies, less than 1 ft in diameter, composed mainly of a fibrous material. By the end of cleavage or beginning of gastrulation, granular caps develop on the fib...

Salivary gland cells are joined by junctional complexes consisting of a tight junction (TJ), zonula adherens and one or more desmosomes. TJs regulate paracellular permeability, maintain separate apical and basolateral membrane domains, and serve as signaling centers. We examined TJs of mouse submandibular glands (SMG) in thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas. TJs between acinar cells and b...

Granular computing is a computational paradigm in which a granule represents a structure of patterns evolved by performing operations on the individual patterns. Two granular neural networks are described for performing the pattern analysis tasks like classification and clustering. The granular neural networks are designed by integrating fuzzy sets and fuzzy rough sets with artificial neural ne...

Kernel machines such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have been widely used in various data mining applications with good generalization properties. Performance of SVMs for solving nonlinear problems is highly affected by kernel functions. The complexity of SVMs training is mainly related to the size of a training dataset. How to design a powerful kernel, how to speed up SVMs training and how ...

Despite their very low surface gravities, the surfaces of asteroids and comets are covered by granular materials regolith that can range from a fine dust to a gravellike structure of varying depths. Understanding the dynamics of granular materials is, therefore, vital for the interpretation of the surface geology of these small bodies and is also critical for the design and/or operations of any...

Rough set theory is an important approach to granular computing. Type-1 fuzzy set theory permits the gradual assessment of the memberships of elements in a set. Hybridization of these assessments results in a fuzzy rough set theory. Type-2 fuzzy sets possess many advantages over type-1 fuzzy sets because their membership functions are themselves fuzzy, which makes it possible to model and minim...

The aim of this study was to examine the catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in the presence of iron oxides. Granular ferrihydrite, goethite, and hematite were selected as catalysts in this study. 2-CP was used as the model compound because it is a typical toxic compound and has not been investigated in the catalytic decomposition by iron oxides. The catalytic...