Monolithicand micro-kernel-based operating systems such as Unix have failed to provide application developers with sufficient flexibility. They provide a host of inefficient and often inappropriate abstractions that prevent applications from accessing the hardware to exploit efficiency gains. These problems motivated the Grasshopper project to build a new operating system designed to explicitly...

Surveys to detectNosema locustae, amicrosporidian pathogen of orthopterans introduced in Argentina several times from1978 to 1982 to control pest grasshoppers, were conducted during the 1994 and 1995 seasons at locations in Buenos Aires and La Pampa provinces. A total of 7535 grasshoppers collected from 13 different siteswere examined. Infected grasshopperswere found at 4 of the sites, 2 of the...

Persistent systems allow data to be manipulated in a manner independent of its location. In distributed persistent systems this location independence principle is extended to include data on other machines. The introduction of this principle raises new problems regarding naming and consistency that the Grasshopper project is attempting to solve. The Grasshopper system allows entities within the...

-UNIFORMITY OF SUCCESSIVE POPULATIONS OF AN ALPINE GRASSHOPPER WITH A TWO YEAR DIAPAUSE. Aeropedellus clavatus (Thomas), an abundant grasshopper in the alpine tundra of Colorado, has a two-year diapause. This suggests the possibility of two distinct populations in successive years. Statistical analysis of samples from three alpine localities on Mount Evans, Colorado, collected in 1958, 1959, an...

Painful venoms are used to deter predators. Pain itself, however, can signal damage and thus serves an important adaptive function. Evolution to reduce general pain responses, although valuable for preying on venomous species, is rare, likely because it comes with the risk of reduced response to tissue damage. Bark scorpions capitalize on the protective pain pathway of predators by inflicting i...

Grasshopper species belonging to subfamilies Melanoplinae, Gomphocerinae and Oedipodinae were tested for their feeding rate on three types of grass. All grasshopper species were offered Shawnee and Kanlow cultivars of switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L. and big bluestem, Andropogon gerardii Vitman. The grasshoppers, Melanoplus femurrubrum and Melanoplus differentialis were also tested for their fe...

This paper exploits various meta-heuristic optimization techniques to learn PID controller parameters for nonlinear systems. The systems considered here are well known ball and beam, inverted pendulum, robotic arm manipulator. gain of the controllers optimized by using two categories techniques—swarm-based grasshopper algorithm particle swarm human-based, i.e., teacher learning-based optimizati...

Over the last 15 years a number of persistent language systems have been produced whose implementation relies on the persistence mechanisms provided by an underlying operating system. We have produced an operating system called Grasshopper expressly designed to support orthogonally persistent systems. In this paper we demonstrate how the mechanisms provided by Grasshopper may be used to impleme...

While ecological adaptation in insects can be reflected by plasticity of phenotype, determining the causes and molecular mechanisms for phenotypic plasticity (PP) remains a crucial and still difficult question in ecology, especially where control of insect pests is involved. Oedaleus asiaticus is one of the most dominant pests in the Inner Mongolia steppe and represents an excellent system to s...

Life-history theory suggests that the existence and persistence of phenotypic variation within species must be maintained through some advantage accruing to an individual following one developmental pathway over another. Here, we consider the adult lifespan of two highly differentiated male morphs and the female in the bladder grasshopper species Bullacris membracioides (Orthoptera: Pneumoroide...