Grazing lawns are a distinct grassland community type, characterised by short-stature and with their persistence and spread promoted by grazing. In Africa, they reveal a long co-evolutionary history of grasses and large mammal grazers. The attractiveness to grazers of a low-biomass sward lies in the relatively high quality of forage, largely due to the low proportion of stem material in the swa...

This paper is concerned with the characterisation of Doppler spectra from high range resolution X-band radar sea clutter observed from an airborne platform over the range of grazing angles, 15° to 45° . It is observed that when looking up or down wind there is a strong correlation between mean Doppler shift and local spectrum intensity. When combined with random fluctuations of spectrum width, ...

Aims Natural N abundance provides integrated information about nitrogen (N) input, transformation and output, indirectly reflecting N cycling traits within terrestrial ecosystems. However, relationships between natural N abundance and N cycling processes are poorly understood in China. Here, our primary objectives were to (i) examine the effects of grazing at varying levels of intensity on dN o...

Depth-profiling measurements by means of synchrotron radiation based grazing XRF techniques, i.e., grazing emission X-ray fluorescence (GEXRF) and grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence (GIXRF), present a promising approach for the non-destructive, sub-nanometer scale precision characterization of ultra shallow ion-implantations. The nanometer resolution is of importance with respect to actual se...

Seedlings are a crucial part of the plant community and basis vegetation restoration regeneration. Grazing climate change two main factors contributing to changes in semiarid grasslands. However, effects grazing on seedling emergence with rainfall variation not clearly understood. This study aimed address how abundance dynamics annuals respond different years. We conducted investigation experim...

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by H5N1 viruses has become a global scale problem which first emerged in southern China and from there spread to other countries in Southeast and East Asia, where it was first confirmed in end 2003. In previous work, geospatial analyses demonstrated that free grazing ducks played critical role in the epidemiology of the disease in Thailand in the ...

Parasitic helminths present one of the most pervasive challenges to grazing herbivores. Many macro-parasite transmission models focus on host physiological defence strategies, omitting more complex interactions between hosts and their environments. This work represents the first model that integrates both the behavioural and physiological elements of gastro-intestinal nematode transmission dyna...