Global food demand is increasing rapidly, as are the environmental impacts of agricultural expansion. Here, we project global demand for crop production in 2050 and evaluate the environmental impacts of alternative ways that this demand might be met. We find that per capita demand for crops, when measured as caloric or protein content of all crops combined, has been a similarly increasing funct...

The effects of intercycle cover crops on Rotylenchulus reniformis population densities in pineapple were evaluated in one greenhouse and two field experiments. In the greenhouse, Crotalaria juncea, Brassica napus, and Tagetes erecta were planted for 3 months and then incorporated. These treatments were compared to weedy fallow with or without 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) in three soils (Makawao ...

Seventeen leguminous species common to the Pacific Northwest were evaluated as potential hosts of the pea cyst nematode, Heterodera goettingiana, in both greenhouse and field experiments. In all experiments, juveniles of H. goettingiana penetrated roots of these 17 species with the exception of greenhouse-grown chickpea. Nematodes molted and developed into swollen third-stage or fourth-stage ju...

Different crops, seasons, greenhouse’s structures and planting area need different concentration of carbon dioxide which fertilized in greenhouse. Measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide accurately in greenhouse is very important to fertilize carbon economically and reasonably Concentration of carbon dioxide measuring equipments were often used in chemical industry and environment fields,...

Hydroponics is perhaps the most intensive method of crop production in today’s agricultural industry. It uses advanced technology, is highly productive, and is often capital-intensive. Since regulating the aerial and root environment is a major concern in such agricultural systems, production takes place inside enclosures that give control of air and root temperature, light, water, plant nutrit...

The whiteflies Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are two of the main pests in tomato crops. Their biological control in Mediterranean IPM systems is based on the predators Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) and Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae), as well as on the parasitoids Eretmocerus mundus (Mercet) and Encarsia pergandiella H...

Abstract. By adopting the fuzzy control theory, a greenhouse irrigation automatic control system has been designed with the characteristic of accurate of the nonlinear, time-variability, long time delay and the characteristic of accurate mathematic model being hard to establish. Through some basic experiments, the basic domain of input and output of the fuzzy controller were ascertained. Time v...

Wireless sensor networks are useful complements to monitoring systems in greenhouse agriculture. Based on the requirements of this system, we design and implement one chine-type wireless sensor network (C-WSN) to monitor crops’ growing environment. In the hardware, CC2420RF are applied in sensor nodes as the wireless transceiver, and the MCU, MSP430F149, is used in sensor nodes and sink nodes, ...