At the beginning of 2008, I visited a watershed located in Karkinatam village in the state of Karnataka, South India. There, crops are intensively irrigated using groundwater. The water table has been depleted from 5 m-depth to 50 m-depth in a large part of the area. Now, 42 % of a total of 158 water wells in the watershed are dry. Speaking with the farmers, I have been amazed to learn that the...

Surface water and groundwater systems are connected with the head gradient between the river and the nearby aquifer controlling the magnitude and direction of the exchange flux between the two systems. The direction of the flux dictates whether the river gains water from the nearby aquifer, or loses water to it. The exchange between groundwater and rivers is a key component influencing not only...

Saltwater intrusion into the coastal aquifer, a phenomenon brought by the flow of seawater into freshwater aquifers originally caused by groundwater extraction near the coast, has long been recognised as a major concern around the world. In this study, we employed geophysical and geochemical techniques to map and provide evidences that the coastal aquifers in the study area have been intruded b...

Understanding and mitigating against the impact of land use change and groundwater extraction on groundwater dependant ecosystems (GDE) requires information on the distribution and environmental water needs of these ecosystems. Conventional field based techniques for determining plant water use and plant stress are very labour intensive and time consuming. In this study, we proposed an alternat...

The Massachusetts Military Reservation is located in the western portion of Cape Cod. World War II and the period immediately afterward saw the most intense military activity on the base. During this time, chemicals leached into the groundwater and contaminated the aquifer. One of the larger regions, or plumes, of groundwater contamination is the Chemical Spill 10 (CS10) plume, a region in whic...

Human activities for extracting natural resources, may lead to subsequent gradual or abrupt surface deformation, with adverse effects in the local ecosystem and damage to man-made structures. Over the past two decades, interferometric SAR (InSAR) has been demonstrated as the optimal remote sensing technique to estimate surface deformation with high spatial coverage and vertical accuracy over tr...

In India, expenditure on electricity subsidies for agriculture, an input subsidy aimed at improving agricultural productivity and the incomes of the agricultural work force, exceeds that spent on health or education. Yet the benefits and beneficiaries of these policies have been unexplored. This paper develops and empirically tests a model that describes the channels through which these subsidi...

groundwater is one of the common resources in varamin plain, but due to over extraction it has been exposed to ruin. this phenomenon will lead to economic and environmental problems. on the other hand, the world is expected to face with more stochastic events of water supply. furthermore, incorporating stochastic consideration of water supply becomes more acute in designing water facilities. th...

Various biophysical and socio-economic impacts may be associated with unconventional oil and gas (UOG) extraction. A vulnerability map may assist governments during environmental assessments, spatial planning and the regulation of UOG extraction, as well as decision-making around UOG extraction in fragile areas. A regional interactive vulnerability map was developed for UOG extraction in South ...

there is a close connection between saltwater intrusion into aquifers and groundwater extraction. freshwater extraction in coastal aquifers is one of the most important reasons for the saltwater intrusion into these aquifers. condition of extraction system such as well depth, discharge rate, saltwater concentration and etc. could affect this process widely. thus, investigating different extract...