Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) can be a final degradation product of perfluorobutane sulfonyl fluoride (PBSF)-based chemicals. Surfactants based on this chemistry are potential replacements for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-related products and have many potential applications in industrial and commercial processes and applications. To evaluate the potential hazard that PFBS may pose to av...

Separate subchronic reproductive toxicity studies were conducted using mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Three groups (32/group; 16 male-female pairs) of 17-week-old ducks (F0 generation) were fed Purina Game Bird Breeder Layena diets containing mean (+/-SD) 33.2 (+/-2.7), 68.9 (+/-1.8), and 140.9 (+/-5.1) microg/g strychnine for 20 weeks, wit...

We investigated the effect of unpredictable feeding times on feeding activity and body mass gain in fast growing Japanese quail (Cotumix c. japonica) from 7 to 31 d of age. Quail chicks were subjected to a long day length (18L:6D) with ad libitum food during (1) 17.5 h of the light period, starting 0.5 h after lights-on (group A, n = 14), (2) 6 h of the light period, starting 0.5 h after lights...

Previous studies with the mammalian brain have shown that the expression of a number of neuronal microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) is developmentally regulated. For example, the low-molecular-weight form of MAP2 (MAP2c) is abundant in neonatal rat brains and is less abundant in adults. Similarly, MAP5 levels decrease during postnatal development. Using monoclonal antibodies, we have follow...

Chromosome homology is highly conserved between chicken (Gallus gallus) and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and a few chromosome rearrangements occurred in the evolution of these two species. Microsatellite markers are invaluable tools in molecular biology for genome analysis, mapping, search for quantitative trait loci, and phylogenetic studies. In the current study, 25 microsatellite seque...

In a series of three experiments, we examined the hypothesis that female Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica, are motivated to form aggregations to reduce the probability of harassment by conspecific males. When in the presence of a conspecific male, female quail both sought others of their sex and remained near them. However, if no males were present, females were indifferent to or tended to avo...

BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) genes are biomarkers for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists and may be involved in some of their toxic effects. CYP1s other than the CYP1As are poorly studied in birds. Here we characterize avian CYP1B and CYP1C genes and the expression of the identified CYP1 genes and AHR1, comparing basal and induced levels in chicken and quail embryos. METHODOLOGY/...