The promoter selectivity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) is determined by the sigma subunit. The model prokaryote Escherichia coli K-12 contains seven species of the sigma subunit, each recognizing a specific set of promoters. For identification of the "constitutive promoters" that are recognized by each RNAP holoenzyme alone in the absence of other supporting factors, we have perform...

During the past 50 years, the livestock and poultry industries have developed in several areas including nutrition, genetics, engineering, management, and communications to maximizing the efficiency of growth performance and meat yield. Now these industries must focus more attention on how animal agriculture affects the environment and food safety. As in many other industries, the global paradi...

Multiple promoters drive the expression of the principal cell division gene, ftsZ, in bacterial systems. Primer extension analysis of total RNA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a Mycobacterium smegmatis transformant containing 1.117 kb of the upstream region of M. tuberculosis ftsZ and promoter fusion studies identified six ftsZ transcripts and their promoters in the ftsQ open reading frame ...

The use of antibiotic growth promoters has been questioned in Europe for several decades. The concern has mainly been related to the risk of creating antibiotic resistant microorganisms that can be transferred to humans. The ethical justification for feeding antibiotics to ‘‘healthy animals’’ has been debated as well and during the last decade, the growing consumer demand for ‘‘green’’ food pro...

a study was carried out to evaluate the effects of r. coriaria l. and p. farcta extracts as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers diet. a total of 300 one-day-old male ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments (five pen replicates, 15 birds per pen) for the 0- to 28-d period, and all data were analyzed in a randomized complete design. dietary treatment...

The promoter selectivity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is determined by the sigma subunit with promoter recognition activity. The model prokaryote Escherichia coli contains seven species of the sigma subunit, each recognizing a specific set of promoters. The major sigma subunit, sigma-70 encoded by rpoD, plays a major role in transcription of growth-related genes. Concomitant with the incr...