During the past decades, a rapid nutritional transition has been observed along with economic growth in the Republic of Korea. Since this dramatic change in diet has been frequently associated with cancer and other non-communicable diseases, dietary monitoring is essential to understand the association. Benefiting from pre-existing standardised dietary methodologies, the present study aimed to ...

Twin pregnancies can be complicated. Early diagnosis with accurate dating, determination of chorionicity, screening for chromosomal and structural abnormalities, placental evaluation, and cervical length assessment should be completed in the first half of gestation. Routine fetal growth is recommended for all twins with serial surveillance for those complicated by anomalies, cervical shortening...

IFNs are cytokines with important antiproliferative activity and exhibit key roles in immune surveillance against malignancies. Early work initiated over three decades ago led to the discovery of IFN receptor activated Jak-Stat pathways and provided important insights into mechanisms for transcriptional activation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) that mediate IFN biologic responses. Since then, ad...

AIM To clarify risk based upon segment length, diagnostic histological findings, patient age and year of surveillance, duration of surveillance and gender. METHODS Patients registered with the United Kingdom Barrett's Oesophagus Registry from 9 United Kingdom centers were included. The outcome measures were (1) development of all grades of dysplasia; (2) development of high-grade of dysplasia...

Host-pathogen interactions involve protein expression changes within both the host and the pathogen. An understanding of the nature of these interactions provides insight into metabolic processes and critical regulatory events of the host cell as well as into the mechanisms of pathogenesis by infectious microorganisms. Pathogen exposure induces changes in host proteins at many functional levels...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of using sticky traps and the NS1 dengue antigen kit for the surveillance of Aedes mosquitoes for dengue control. METHODS Apartments were selected in a dengue-endemic area, and sticky traps were set to capture adult Aedes mosquitoes. NS1 dengue antigen kit was used to detect dengue antigen in mosquitoes, and positive mosquitoes were serotyped using rea...

Output gap estimates are used in the calculation of structural fiscal balance indicators which are subsequently employed for the surveillance of economic growth and stability. This paper reviews the main methodologies for estimating the potential output and output gap. Methodologies can be grouped into two categories: the non-structural ones, which are not based on economic theory and are mainl...

Digital anonymity will be difficult if not impossible to maintain The longevity of data storage means that there is an ever-growing record of people’s activity, and attempts to avoid leaving a digital footprint will become increasingly difficult. The growth in the number of surveillance devices is increasing at a rapid rate and, unless individuals go to great lengths to avoid detection, it is l...

In early 2007, senior leadership in CDC’s new Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (OSELS) examined ways to improve biosurveillance capabilities in collaboration with public and private partners. After careful consideration, it was determined that many key aspects of surveillance could be enhanced through Health Information Exchange (HIE) interactions. Approximately one ...