This paper has two major goals. The first is to offer a comprehensive account of the projection properties of appositive constructions. Appositives posit a challenge to traditional assumptions about form and meaning because they are interpreted in situ with respect to order-dependent phenomena like discourse anaphora but nevertheless escape the scope of entailment-canceling operators like negat...

Ownership type systems are used to structure the object store into contexts and to restrict references between contexts. How to handle exceptions in these type systems has not been described in the literature. In this paper we analyze four viable designs for supporting exceptions in ownership type systems: (1) cloning exception objects during propagation; (2) using unique references to transfer...

Interface exceptions (explicitly declared exceptions that a method can propagate outside) are an inherent part of the interface describing the behaviour of a particular class of objects. Evolution of system behaviour is thus necessarily accompanied by and reflected in the evolution of interface exceptions. While evolution of normal system behaviour is adequately supported by various language me...

Finding patterns from data sets is a fundamental task of data mining. If we categorize all patterns into strong, weak, and random, conventional data mining techniques are designed only to nd strong patterns, which hold for numerous objects and are usually consistent with the expectations of experts. While such strong patterns are helpful in prediction, the unexpectedness and contradiction exhib...

“The exception that proves the rule...” This often-misunderstood English language idiom, at least in its “loose rhetorical sense” [1], is highly applicable to the transmission from providers infected with blood-borne pathogens to their patients (ie, the rarity of these events helps characterize and define the miniscule risk for these transmissions in the practice of modern medicine). Decades of...

The presence of precise exceptions in a processor leads to complications in its design. Some recent processor architectures have sacrificed this requirement for performance reasons at the cost of software complexity. We present an implementation strategy for precise exceptions in asynchronous processors that does not block the instruction fetch when exceptions do not occur; the cost of the exce...

The present study explores learning phonological alternations that contain exceptions. Participants were exposed to a back/round vowel harmony pattern in which a regular suffix followed harmony, varying between /e/ and /o/ depending on the back/round phonetic features of the stem, and an exceptional suffix that was always /o/ regardless of the features of the stem vowel. Participants in Experim...

In the context of the rewriting calculus, we introduce and study an exception mechanism that allows us to express in a simple way rewriting strategies and that is therefore also useful for expressing theorem proving tactics. This gives us the ability to simply express the semantics of the first tactical and to describe in full details the expression of conditional rewriting.

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. 2 This research has benefited significantly from the inputs of scholars associated with the Ronald Coase Institute. 2 " When you hear hoofbeats, think Horses, not Zebras—unless you're in Africa. " This induc...