Spectrum efficiency of CDMA compared with TDMA. CDMA Vs TDMA in travel. Differences between CDMA and TDMA.WCDMA is Wideband CDMA that still uses code division to divide the channels. The most major difference between CDMA and WCDMA is in the group of.Its first of the two part lectures which will cover GSM and CDMA, the. SIM is portable and therefore transferable between mobile stations or your ...

A dual channel system, which is based on the GPS and the GSM Network, is being developed to compensate the problem of the lost of GPS signals in providing location services to mobile users in metropolitan areas. It is well-known that GPS can provide accurate location estimation in a range of 5-15 meters. But it is also a known fact that GPS does not perform well in urban areas like downtown New...

An interface system utilizing GSM service with low-cost hardware equipment is proposed to enable mobile access to experimental setups via short message service SMS commands in order to perform virtual remote measurements. Communication between a mobile phone client and a remote PC server is achieved through programming the server using attention commands AT and the protocol description unit PDU...

Dear Editor, Recently, a paper was published (Salama et al., 2008) describing the effects of electromagnetic fields from a mobile phone on testicular functions in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. We have a number of concerns; the two most important ones deal with the exposure conditions and the biological effects respectively. Exposure was carried out by a GSM mobile phone at 800 MHz in ‘standb...

Network coverage is one of the fundamental requirements of any business of a service provider. Mobile operators are expected to deploy base stations in an effective way in order to cover most of the residential areas of a particular country. Improved network coverage leads to increase total revenue, provide end users with enhanced Quality of Services (QoS) anytime anywhere, and play vital role ...

BACKGROUND Health outcomes of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from mobile phones and their base stations are of concern. Conducting multidisciplinary research, targeting children and exploring dose-response are recommended. Our objectives were to describe the mobile phone usage characteristics of high school students and to explore the association between mobile phone usage characteristics, high s...

The design of a novel Fractal planar inverted F antenna (F-PIFA) based on the self affinity property is presented in this paper. The procedure for designing a Fractal Planar Inverted F Antenna is explained and three different iterations are designed for use in cellular phones. The F-PIFA has a total dimension of 27mm× 27mm and has been optimized to be operational at GSM (Global System for Mobil...

Background: Nowadays, mothers are continuously exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fields before and even during pregnancy.  It has recently been shown that exposure to mobile phone radiation during pregnancy may lead to adverse effects on the brain development in offspring and cause hyperactivity. Researchers have shown that behavioral problems in laboratory animals which have a s...

Location-based services have been standardized for incorporation into 3 generation wireless communications as a result of the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) mandate on wireless carriers to provide automatic location information (ALI) during emergency 911 calls. This mandate has driven the wireless carriers to explore terrestrial, satellite, and hybrid based location technology soluti...