To estimate the amount of misuse of and dependence on nicotine gum in an over-the-counter (OTC) setting, we conducted two telephone surveys of smokers recruited by newspaper ads. Study 1 surveyed 266 U.S. ever-smokers using OTC gum to determine the percentage who used the gum for noncessation reasons or used gum and cigarettes concurrently. In Study 1, 6% initially purchased nicotine gum to red...

The leprosis disease shows a viral etiology and the citrus leprosis virus is considered its etiologic agent. The disease may show two types of cytopatologic symptom caused by two virus: nuclear (CiLV-N) and cytoplasmic (CiLV-C) types. The aim of this study was to compare the morpho-anatomical differences in the lesions caused by leprosis virus-cytoplasmic and nuclear types in Citrus sinensis (L...

Abstract This study investigated the effect of oleo-gum-resin from Commiphora molmol Engler (Family: Burseraceae), commonly known as myrrh and as the commercial extract Mirazid, as a treatment for hepatic coccidiosis induced by the parasite Eimeria stiedae in domestic rabbits. Rabbits (Oryctolagus domesticus L.) were infected with sporulated parasite oocysts and subjected to treatment regimens ...

Indian forests are a major source of large number of non-wood forest products. One such product is an exudate tree gum, regionally called as gum Kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium DC.), belonging to the family Bixaceae. This gum is collected by tribals in the state of Andhra Pradesh and marketed by Girijan Cooperative Society, Andhra Pradesh, India. Experimental work carried out in our laborato...

Several complications attributed with Herpes virus related infections and the emergence of drug resistant viruses prompt scientists to search for new drugs. Several terpenoids and coumarins have shown anti HSV effects while no sesquiterpene coumarin have been previously tested for HSV treatment. Three sesquiterpene coumarins [badrakemin acetate (1), kellerin (2) and samarcandin diasteromer (3) ...

BACKGROUND In some studies, gum-chewing was demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on resumption of bowel function; however, other contradictory findings in other studies refute the effects of gum-chewing on peristaltic movements and digestive system stimulation. In addition, most previous studies were after colorectal or gynecology surgery, whereas few reports focused on the effect of gum-ch...