With rapidly ageing populations worldwide, the incidence of osteoporosis has reached epidemic proportions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a by-product of oxidative stress and ageing, has been thought to induce osteoporosis by inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, specific mechanisms of how ROS results in alterations on MSC differentiation capacity have...

AIMS To evaluate hydrogen peroxide vapour (H2 O2 ) for its ability to inactivate Bacillus spores within a laboratory-scale heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) duct system. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were conducted in a closed-loop duct system, constructed of either internally lined or unlined galvanized metal. Bacterial spores were aerosol-deposited onto 18-mm-diameter test ...

Porous dielectric materials offer lower capacitances that reduce RC time delays in integrated circuits. Typical porous low dielectric (low-k) materials include SiOCH—silicon dioxide with carbon groups, principally –CH3, lining the pores. Fluorocarbon plasmas are often used to etch such low-k materials. These processes leave a fluorocarbon polymer on the SiOCH surface that must be removed, often...

Hydrogen peroxide production by direct synthesis (H2 + O2 ? H2O2) is a promising alternative to the commercialized indirect process involving sequential hydrogenation and oxidation of anthraquinone...

A number of recent reports suspected that Tween-80 in injectable medicines, including traditional Chinese medicine injections could cause life-threatening anaphylactoid reaction, but no sound conclusion was drawn. A drug-induced anaphylactoid reaction is hard to be assayed in vitro and in conventional animal models. In this study, we developed a microplate-based quantitative in vivo zebrafish a...

Photocatalytic reforming of lignocellulosic biomass is an emerging approach to produce renewable H2 . This process combines photo-oxidation of aqueous biomass with photocatalytic hydrogen evolution at ambient temperature and pressure. Biomass conversion is less energy demanding than water splitting and generates high-purity H2 without O2 production. Direct photoreforming of raw, unprocessed bio...

Monolayer culture is integral to many cell-based cartilage repair strategies, but chondrocytes lose regenerative potential with increasing duration in vitro. This coincides with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and a bioenergetic transformation characterized by increasing mitochondrial function. This study investigates ROS as stimuli for bioenergetic reprogramming and the effect of...

The H2 electrode is commonly assumed to be a half-cell, 2 H + 2e == H2, and explained by the Nernst equation. We cannot assume that the H is easily reduced to H2 in an H2 saturated solution, and H2 becoming oxidized to H in a strongly acid solution against the equilibrium principle. How can the H2 gas is involved from a basic solution where there is practically no H ions? Another equilibrium ha...

In the present work, it is shown that anodic TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) can be decorated with Pt, Pd, Rh, and Au single atoms (SAs) by a simple “dark deposition” approach. Such NTs surface trapped noble metal SAs provide high activity for photocatalytic H2 generation from pure water, i.e., in absence of sacrificial agent. However, metals also act as active centers undesired hydrogen back-oxidation (H...

We, the named authors, hereby wholly retract this Journal of Materials Chemistry A article due to the subsequent realisation that the O2 evolution rates reported an summarised in Fig. 5 cannot be repeated in the Valencia labs. However, the H2 evolution rates can still be reproduced. Because the oxidation products are mainly radicals or H2O2, we do not observe much O2 evolved. In addition, we al...