El-Rahman RR, Harraz OF, Brett SE, Anfinogenova Y, Mufti RE, Goldman D, Welsh DG. Identification of Land T-type Ca channels in rat cerebral arteries: role in myogenic tone development. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 304: H58–H71, 2013. First published October 26, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00476.2012.— L-type Ca channels are broadly expressed in arterial smooth muscle cells, and their voltage-...

bonds [either N–H···O (keto-amine tautomer) or N···H–O (phenol-imine tautomer)] can exist. It is claimed that the hydrogen-bond type depends neither on the stereochemistry of the molecule nor on the sort of substituent bonded to the N imino atom, but on the kind of aldehyde used.1 In the solid state, it is also claimed that only an intramolecular N–H···O type hydrogen bond is present in naphtha...

In the absence of an equalization grant system, like we justify occurs in Spain at the local level of government, those governments that bear a decrease in their level of tax capacity will have to adjust their budget either by increasing their level of tax effort, by reducing their level of public services and/or by incurring in a deficit. By means of a dynamic panel data analysis, and using a ...

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t JEL classification: H77 H11 H71 R11 R58 Keywords: Fiscal federalism State and local taxation Intergovernmental relations Revenue First generation fiscal federalism (FGFF) studies the performance of decentralized systems under the assumption of benevolent social planners. Second generation fiscal federalism (SGFF) studies performance based on the fiscal and ...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: H71 H72 C33 Keywords: Tax-spend State and local government Public finance Panel unit root Panel cointegration We reexamine the tax-spending nexus using a panel of 50 US state–local government units between 1963 and 1997. We find that, unlike tax revenues, expenditures adjust to revert back to a long-term equilibrium relationship. The evidence on the sho...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: H71 R23 Keywords: Property tax Voting Assessment cap Lock-in Mobility Local public finance Local political economy Popular support for property assessment caps has been explained as attempts to protect long-time home owners and to constrain local public expenditures. However, in the absence of a binding cap on millage rates, an assessment limit simply l...

Campbell, William B., Blythe B. Holmes, John R. Falck, Jorge H. Capdevila, and Kathryn M. Gauthier. Regulation of potassium channels in coronary smooth muscle by adenoviral expression of cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290: H64–H71, 2006. First published September 2, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00516.2005.—Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endothelium-derived cyt...

In June 2003, the Koizumi administration created the "Trinity Reform Package." In this context, "trinity" means the decentralization reform process that involves three factors: local tax, local allocation tax grant and national government disbursement. There is, however, a missing link in the reform. This is local bond, which is one of major revenue source for local governments. In particular, ...