New lubricants have been developed to meet the performance demands of modem refrigerants and system components. A brief review of current refrigeration oil developments is presented. It is well known that the new lubricants used with polar refrigerants tend to absorb water. The ester hydrolysis process and the effect on the essential lubricant properties are described. The effect of increased w...

The imminent phaseout of R-11, R-12, and R·llS because of their high ozone depletion potentials has prompted many independent investigations of alternative or subst:i t:uee refrigeranes, ei eher as pure compounds or as mixtures of t:wo or more environmentally acceptable fluids. There are several motivations for investigating mixtures. There are very few pure compounds which can be used for refr...

It is good to be able to pass on the best wishes of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and to remind you that the IIR will be holding its Gustav Lorentzen Memorial Conference in Glasgow next year. I hope that the IIR conference will be as well supported and as valuable as this CIBSE/ASHRAE conference. You are warmly invited to attend the Gustav Lorentzen conference in Glasgow, w...

CONTEXT Anesthetic drugs including halogenated anesthetics have been common for many years. Consequent hepatic injury has been reported in the literature. The mechanism of injury is immunoallergic. The first generation drug was halothane; it had the most toxicity when compared to other drugs. The issue becomes more important when the patient has an underlying hepatic dysfunction. EVIDENCE ACQ...

Refrigerants are commonly used as heat transfer fluid in refrigeration, pumps, and air conditioning systems. Nanorefrigerants a special kind of nanofluid synthesized by dispersing nanoparticles into refrigerants or lubricant oil to improve its thermophysical characteristics. The optimization the properties nanorefrigerant strongly depends on successful synthesis procedures for producing stable ...

Refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP) are much needed in automotive air conditioning systems. This paper compares two refrigerants, R134a (GWP=1300) and R513A (GWP = 573) experimentally. The results show that the latter has lower cooling capacity, COP discharge temperature than former, revealing is a promising replacement of its high GWP partner.

Marine algae produce a cocktail of halogenated metabolites with potential commercial value. Structures exhibited by these compounds go from acyclic entities with a linear chain to complex polycyclic molecules. Their medical and pharmaceutical application has been investigated for a few decades, however other properties, such as antifouling, are not to be discarded. Many compounds were discovere...

CONTEXT Halogenated inhalational anesthetics are currently the most common drugs used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Postoperative hepatic injury has been reported after exposure to these agents. Based on much evidence, mechanism of liver toxicity is more likely to be immunoallergic. The objective of this review study was to assess available studies on hepatotoxicity o...

This article reports an efficient CH activation process for regioselective halogenation of 1,4-benzodiazepinones. Direct halogenation with NXS (X = Br, I) affords halogenated benzodiazepinones on the central aromatic ring whereas catalyst (Pd(OAc)2) controlled CH activation furnishes regioselectively ortho halogenated benzodiazepinones on the phenyl side chain.