Functional arm reaching involves multilinked joints: shoulder, elbow, and wrist. We propose that induced position analysis is a useful analytical tool for multijoint coordination of arm reaching. This method was used to compute the contributions of the net joint moment to the hand position when reaching forward. We describe the method and give examples of validating this model with motion captu...

(1) In the previous lectures the behavior of the macroscopic thermodynamic functions of systems in equilibrium near critical points has been discussed. Notations for the various exponents describing the critical singularities have been introduced and the connections between them have been described [l]. In this talk we enter the microscopic domain by studying the correlation fun...

The goal of this study was to investigate the control strategy employed by gymnasts in maintaining a hand balance. It was hypothesized that a "wrist strategy" was used in which perturbations in the sagittal plane were corrected using variations in wrist flexor torque with synergistic shoulder and hip torques acting to preserve a fixed body configuration. A theoretical model of wrist strategy in...

The focus of this paper is to endow step-wise modification of nets with refinement that preserves liveness. Modification of nets uses rules that allow substituting subnets of the left hand side by subnets of the right hand side of the rule. Such rules are then restricted so that the liveness is preserved. Rule-based modification is expressed in terms of spans of morphisms and two pushout constr...

Petri nets are useful for mathematically modelling disease-causing genetic epistasis. A Petri net model of an interaction has the potential to lead to biological insight into the cause of a genetic disease. However, defining a Petri net by hand for a particular interaction is extremely difficult because of the sheer complexity of the problem and degrees of freedom inherent in a Petri net’s arch...

The aims of this study were to characterize the recently cloned rat norepinephrine transporter (NET) in more detail and in particular to study possible species differences in its pharmacological properties compared with the human and bovine NETs. The study was carried out by measuring the uptake of [(3)H]norepinephrine in COS-7 cells expressing the NET after transient transfection with rat, hum...

Symbol manipulation as used in traditional Artificial Intelligence has been criticized by neural net researchers for being excessively inflexible and sequential. On the other hand, the application of neural net techniques to the types of high-level cognitive processing studied in traditional artificiaa intelligence presents major problems as well. We claim that a promising way out of this impas...