Text S1 Two-locus recursion relation Suppose we sample n haplotypes, observing their alleles at each of two loci and obtaining configuration n = (a, b, c). Here c = (cij) is a matrix of the counts of haplotypes for which both alleles were observed; cij is the number of haplotypes with allele i at the first locus and allele j at the second locus. We also allow for the possibility that a haplotyp...

Abstract. Wahidah, Omar SBA, Trijuno DD, Nugroho E, Amrullah, Khatimah K. 2023. Genetic variation of giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii wild population South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3081-3090. Quality prawn broodstock can be provided using sources from populations with good morphological and genetic performance. This study aimed to analyze the genotypes in hence it...

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with large allele frequency differences between human populations are relatively rare. The longest run of SNPs with an allele frequency difference of one between the Yoruba of Nigeria and the Han Chinese is found on the long arm of the X chromosome in the intergenic region separating the EDA2R and AR genes. It has been proposed that the unusual allele freq...

SummaryA first report on the phylogeography and phylogeny of widespread Holarctic species, Graphomya minor Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, within its continuous range throughout northern Eurasia North America, is presented. The geographic patterns genetic morphological variability in G. were examined. phylogenetic structure was assessed using barcode fragment mitochondrial COI gene. We detected 35 uni...

It is possible that the origin of Podarcis sicurus, which was introduced to Turkey by humans, based on two different source populations or samples geographies may differ at subspecies level. The rapid evolutionary processes observed in island species can similarly occur and isolated populations. In this study Tissues were taken from obtained Zonguldak, Istanbul Samsun. mtDNA gene sequences comb...

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region is associated with genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). Roles for HLA class I loci have been supported in several case-control studies, but this methodology does not consider the known linkage disequilibrium (LD) between class I and II loci. In 1258 individuals from 294 MS families, we analysed class I and II interac...

MOTIVATION Haplotype inference is an important step for many types of analyses of genetic variation in the human genome. Traditional approaches for obtaining haplotypes involve collecting genotype information from a population of individuals and then applying a haplotype inference algorithm. The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies allows for an alternative strategy to obtain ...

Each person's genome contains two copies of each chromosome, one inherited from the father and the other from the mother. A person's genotype specifies the pair of bases at each site, but does not specify which base occurs on which chromosome. The sequence of each chromosome separately is called a haplotype. The determination of the haplotypes within a population is essential for understanding ...

Although sunflower was long thought to be the product of a single domestication in what is now the east-central United States, recent archaeological and genetic evidence have suggested the possibility of an independent origin of domestication, perhaps in Mexico. We therefore used hypervariable chloroplast simple-sequence repeat markers to search for evidence of a possible Mexican origin of dome...

BACKGROUND Altered sensitivity to multiple antimalarial drugs is mediated by polymorphisms in pfmdr1, which encodes the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance transporter. In Africa the N86Y and D1246Y polymorphisms have been shown to be selected by treatment, with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) selecting for wild-type and mutant alleles, respectively. ...