Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales), a fungal ectoparasite, is thus far reported on Harmonia axyridis from five continents: North and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia. While it known that He. can cause mortality of Ha. under laboratory conditions, the role biotic abiotic factors in influencing distribution field unknown. We collected screened 3,568 adult 23 locations seven co...

Prey selection was assumed to be a vital strategy to maximize the fitness of predators. Visual cues are important for predators to locate a prey, and several species of lady beetles have been reported to prefer the red morph pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum rather than the green morph in empty containers with different colors. However, the preference of a predator on the red and green color morphs...

In a laboratory study, we tested the feeding preferences of three coccinellid predators of hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand, an introduced pest of hemlock in the eastern United States. The species tested were Sasajiscymnus tsugae Sasaji & McClure (formerly Pseudoscymnus tsugae) from Japan, Scymnus ningshanensis Yu & Yao from China, and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), a generalist speci...