In this paper, we depict and analyze simple models of moral hazard, namely “operating moral hazard” and “investing moral hazard.” First we assume that a corporation exists primarily for the benefit of their shareholders. Then, moral hazard occurs when managers choose an option knowingly that is not optimum for shareholders. We evaluate the loss to shareholders in terms of cash flow to them in t...

any defects in street trees may cause injuries to human, vehicles and buildings. this research was investigated in the babol city, mazandaran province, in the northern state of iran.used the perfect inventory methods and measured the diameter at breathe height (dbh), height and hazardous criteria (dead woods, cracks or seams, decay, wound or cankers, root problems, weak branch unions and skew f...

This paper presents findings of a research study designed to provide insight into the issue of intent information exchange in constrained en-route air-traffic operations and its effect on pilot decision-making and flight performance. The piloted simulation was conducted in the Air Traffic Operations Laboratory at the NASA Langley Research Center. Two operational modes for autonomous flight mana...

nowadays, occurrence of mass movement in the northern forests ofiran, especially in the golestan province is turning to be a usual phenomenon. because of decay of vegetation cover, prediction of landslide occurrence will prevent its damages. landslide hazard zonation is a suitable way in this case. selection of the best model is a way to decrease costs and time. consequently, land slide hazard ...

during the last two decades, financial institutions worldwide have witnessed a lot of stress in managing their margins in wake of the new risks, challenges and increase in the competition posed to them by the factors of liberalization and deregulation. the key to create value and achieve competitive edge lies in the better operational efficiency and productivity of these institutions under such...

introduction: this research investigated the factors affecting implementation of activity based costing (abc) in operational budgeting of government agencies in isfahan province. methods: being an applied, cross-sectional and descriptive research, this study made use of a questionnaire for gathering data. governmental agencies that used provincial budget in isfahan province in 1388 comprised th...

Nowadays, with the presence of technology in the human life, organizational levels have received a lot of changes which affected the operational aspects and the organizational structures from traditional to modern. Therefore, this study investigated the role of technology management to predict operational performance as the most important sources for gaining competitive advantages. It aimed to ...

The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of selected metal concentrations (Cd, Pb, Cr and Fe) in the muscles of five fish species (Sander lucioperca, Liza auratus, Alosa caspia, Cyprinus carpio and Liza saliens) from Gorgan Bay the south-eastern Caspian Sea, in order to assess health risk to the human via fish consumption by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotome...