PURPOSE The purposes of this randomized controlled trial were to: (1) test motivational interviewing (MI) to prevent early childhood caries; and (2) use Poisson regression for data analysis. METHODS A total of 240 South Asian children 6 to 18 months old were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the MI or control condition. Children had a dental exam, and their mothers completed pretested ...

There is increasing interest in estimating the causal effects of treatments using observational data. Propensity-score matching methods are frequently used to adjust for differences in observed characteristics between treated and control individuals in observational studies. Survival or time-to-event outcomes occur frequently in the medical literature, but the use of propensity score methods in...

BACKGROUND β-blockers have little effectiveness in preventing vasovagal syncope in unselected populations, but they might be effective in older patients. We determined whether β-blockers prevent vasovagal syncope in an age-related fashion. METHODS AND RESULTS Two populations were studied. A proportional hazards analysis was performed on an observational cohort study of 153 patients with vasov...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rates of hospitalization are known to be high in patients with kidney disease. However, ongoing risks of subsequent hospitalization and mortality are uncertain. The primary objective was to evaluate patients with kidney disease for long-term risks of subsequent hospitalization, including admissions resulting in death. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Pat...

OBJECTIVE The authors conducted a prospective cohort study to estimate the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment in cognitively normal elderly (aged ≥70 years) individuals with or without neuropsychiatric symptoms at baseline. The research was conducted in the setting of the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. METHOD A classification of normal cognitive aging, mild cognitive imp...

Allopurinol lowers blood pressure in adolescents and has other vasoprotective effects. Whether similar benefits occur in older individuals remains unclear. We hypothesized that allopurinol is associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes in older adults with hypertension. Data from the United Kingdom Clinical Research Practice Datalink were used. Multivariate Cox-proportional hazard models w...

Interaction between a structure under base excitation and heavy non-structural elements that it supports is significant in the seismic analysis and design of the structure. Heavy non-structural elements may slide/rock under base excitation, and this dynamic action affects the seismic behavior of the supporting structure. Hence, in this study, a numerical model was presented to describe the seis...

The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood cancer was investigated using prospectively collected data from 54,795 liveborn children in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959-1966). Cases of cancer had a histologic diagnosis and/or a compatible clinical course. There were 51 children with cancer, for a cumulative incidence of cancer of 1.1 per 1,000 by 96 months o...

AIMS We questioned whether prior cardiovascular disease has the same impact on risk of cardiovascular events as type 2 diabetes, and whether this differed between men and women. METHODS AND RESULTS To address these issues we compared the 10-year risk of cardiovascular events among 208 Caucasian individuals with diabetes to that of 2253 Caucasian individuals without diabetes, in a population-b...