Background Vitamin D status in groups of northern indigenous people of Russia leading close to traditional (seminomadic reindeer herding), post-traditional (in settlements) or "modernized" (in towns) way of life was analysed. Design The survey study groups consisted of 178 Nenets and Komi aged 18-60 living in the Arctic (66-67°N). Urban Komi, Udmurts and Komi-Permiaks (n=150) living in a non-Ar...

We carried out a study to determine ethno-veterinary knowledge used to treat and prevent livestock diseases in Toteng Village in Ngamiland District, northwestern Botswana. Primary data were collected through simple random sampling of 45 households in Toteng. Respondents were either livestock owners or cattle herders. Respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire which had both o...

Overgrazing is the key factor that has exacerbated grassland degradation in China’s pastoral regions. Herder’s grazing-based livestock production behavior becomes important to conservation. Several formal environmental institutions and policies exist improve degradation; however, there remain contradicting conclusions regarding contribution of these policies. Informal become major instruments m...

Currently, the development of mobile pastoralism in Mongolia is known almost exclusively from burial and ritual contexts. Here we present results archaeological excavations geoarchaeological work carried out at a deeply stratified multiperiod habitation site northwestern Mongolia. Data include an unprecedented number well-preserved artifacts, faunal botanical remains, sedimentary information, c...

Among the burials of horse herders who lived in 4th–3rd centuries BCE Altai Mountains South Siberia were some that contained small wooden figures four-legged hoofed animals represent horses, deer, or hybrid creatures. They decorated headgear buried with select commoners Pazyryk Culture. Although people, material possessions, and horses elites frequently ornamented imagery often associated so-ca...