The immune response to HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs), presenting a clade A Ugandan gp120, has been evaluated in a mouse model by intra-nasal (i.n.) administration by a VLP+VLP homologous or a DNA+VLP heterologous prime-boost immunization protocol, including a HIV-1 DNA gp160/rev plasmid. Furthermore, the effect of the Eurocine lipid-based mucosal L3 adjuvant on the VLP immunogenicity has be...

This study demonstrated, for the first time, that immunity genes licFGEHI are not essential for self-protection and production of the two-component lantibiotic lichenicidin in the Gram-negative heterologous host Escherichia coli BLic5. Additionally, it was experimentally demonstrated that lichenicidin lantibiotics are active against the E. coli imp4213 strain, a mutant strain possessing a perme...

1 TO THE EDITOR—In response to our recent article on sex differences in pediatric infectious diseases [1], Eisenhut [2] highlighted the role of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain receptor 2 (NOD2) in the nonspecific (heterologous) effects of BCG immunization in reducing tuberculosis-unrelated diseases that are observed especially in females. We make 2 further points here. First, the nons...

section. VI meeting of the Mexican Association of Hepatology. Annals ofHepatology, 2010; 9(2): 225-246.Adams AB, Williams MA, Jones TR, Shirasugi N, Durham MM, Kaech SM, Wherry EJ,Onami T, Lanier JG, Kokko KE, Pearson TC, Ahmed R, Larsen CP (2003)Heterologous immunity provides a potent barrier to transplantation tolerance. JClin Invest 111:1887–1895.

Many strategies have been proposed to induce tolerance to transplanted tissue in rodents; however, few if any have shown equal efficacy when tested in nonhuman primate transplant models. We hypothesized that a critical distinction between specific pathogen-free mice and nonhuman primates or human patients is their acquired immune history. Here, we show that a heterologous immune response--speci...

This report is concerned with the production of subclinical poliomyelitis in the chimpanzee, and immunity to such infection. Subclinical infection was produced in eight chimpanzees by the administration of virus orally or intracutaneously, and was measured by the production of a virus carrier state and the development of neutralizing antibodies. Immunity was tested by attempting to induce the c...

The bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) strain of Mycobacterium bovis is used in many parts of the world as a vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some epidemiological evidence has suggested that BCG immunization may have unpredicted effects on resistance to other pathogens. We show here in a mouse model that BCG immunization followed by antibiotic treatment to clear the host of the pathogen ...

Checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapies are effective in cancers with high numbers of nonsynonymous mutations. In contrast, current paradigms suggest that such approaches will be ineffective in cancers with few nonsynonymous mutations. To examine this issue, we made use of a murine model of BCR-ABL(+) B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Using a principal component analysis, we found that ...