There is a strong hierarchical relationship among different political/administrative levels of SDI concepts. Based on this hierarchical relationship a pyramid of building blocks can be formed by taking a perspective that starts at a local level and proceeds through state, national and regional levels and is completed by developing a Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI). Therefore, it is ar...

A hierarchical approach to the single-pair shortest path problem subdivides a network with n vertices into r regions with the same number m of vertices (n = rm) and iteratively creates higher levels of a hierarchical network by merging a constant number c of adjacent regions. In a hierarchical approach, shortest paths are computed at higher levels and expanded towards lower levels through intra...

Hierarchical organizations of information processing in the brain networks have been known to exist and widely studied. The main technique of conventional approaches, which extracts pairwise hierarchical relationships by utilizing observable anatomical criteria based on noninvasive tract tracing experiments, cannot be extended to apply to the study of human brains. Therefore, we need to design ...

Abstraction is a fundamental feature of human-level intelligence. But it is not clear how to combine knowledge on different levels of abstraction. This paper examines the use of hierarchical knowledge for heuristic problem-solving algorithms, regarding three options for integrating hierarchical knowledge into heuristic search: as a state evaluation heuristic, as a search-guiding heuristic and a...