This study used data on the total population to examine the longitudinal association between midlife income and mortality and late-life income and mortality in an aging Swedish cohort. We specifically examined the shape of the associations between income and mortality with focus on where in the income distribution that higher incomes began to provide diminishing returns. The study is based on a...

This paper explores the links between exports, export destinations and skill utilization by firms. We identify two mechanisms behind these links, which we integrate into a unified theory of export destinations and skills. First, exporting to high-income countries with higher valuation for quality leads to quality upgrades that are skill-intensive (Verhoogen, 2008). Second, exporting in general,...

background: work-related diseases contribute immensely to the global burden of diseases. better understanding of attitudes of health care workers towards occupational safety and health (osh) is important for planning. objective: to assess the attitude of medical students towards osh around the globe. methods: a questionnaire assessing the attitude towards osh was administered to medical and par...

We document a relationship between income inequality and variability in aggregate consumption growth. In high-income countries, greater income inequality is associated with more volatility in consumption growth, whereas in lower-income countries, higher levels of income inequality are associated with less volatility. We present weaker evidence that variability in real GDP growth is also related...

BACKGROUND Socioeconomic status (SES) is independently associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression; however, its association with other CKD outcomes is unclear. In particular, the potential differential effect of SES on mortality among blacks and whites is understudied in CKD. We aimed to examine survival among individuals with prevalent CKD by income and race in the Reasons for Ge...

OBJECTIVES To examine cross-sectional associations of socioeconomic status (ie, income and education) with an adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern and obesity prevalence. DESIGN Cross-sectional study on a sample of Italian subjects enrolled in the Moli-sani Project, a population-based cohort study. The Italian EPIC food frequency questionnaire was used to determine food intake. Adhere...

BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of higher education on healthy aging are generally accepted, but the mechanisms are less well understood. Education may influence healthy aging through improved employment opportunities that enhance feelings of personal control and reduce hazardous exposures, or through higher incomes that enable individuals to access better health care or to reside in better n...

Objectives: To determine the association between the percentage of greenspace in an area and the standardised rate of selfreported ‘‘not good’’ health, and to explore whether this association holds for areas exhibiting different combinations of urbanity and income deprivation. Design and setting: Cross-sectional, ecological study in England. Participants: All residents of England as at the 2001...

We examine the correlation between modern human capital and income among adult men in four foraginghorticultural societies of Bolivia. Despite their remote location, we find results similar to those found in developed nations. We find that: (a) education correlates with 4.5% higher overall income and with 5.9% higher wages and math skills correlates with 13.5% higher cash income, and (b) the po...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test whether the association between primary care and income inequality on all-cause, heart disease and cancer mortality at county level differs in urban (Metropolitan Statistical Area-MSA) compared with non-urban (non-MSA) areas. STUDY DESIGN The study consisted of a cross-sectional analysis of county-level data stratified by MSA and non-MSA areas...