Different alley flooring systems have been found to influence claw health and locomotion among dairy cows in cubicle barns. The ability to keep the alley floors clean and dry is part of this. It is, however, challenging to keep the alleys clean at all time. Different cleaning regimes are used, and barns are equipped with a diversity of scrapers and alley surfaces. Scrapers are earlier found to ...

Most listeners have difficulty understanding speech in reverberant conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether it is possible to reduce the degree of degradation of speech intelligibility in reverberation through the development of an algorithm. The modulation spectrum is the spectral representation of the temporal envelope of the speech signal. That of clean speech is domin...

One-loop off-shell contributions to the three-gluon vertex are calculated, in arbitrary covariant gauge and in arbitrary space-time dimension, including quark-loop contributions (with massless quarks). It is shown how one can get the results for all on-shell limits of interest directly from the general off-shell expression. The corresponding general expressions for the one-loop ghost-gluon vert...

The Internet was not designed to be a critical part of the economy—but it has become exactly that. In fact, it has become a critical infrastructure for the overall society in developed countries. There are many questions today on how the Internet will or should develop in the future. What has been asserted throughout the industry and the research community is that the Internet must change, and ...

Basic approaches typically include spreadsheet-based analyses that use emissions factor relationships or other assumptions to estimate reductions. Sophisticated approaches are usually more complex and involve dynamic electricity or energy system representations that predict energy generation responses to policies and calculate the effects on emissions.* 4.2.2 QUANTIFY AIR AND GHG EMISSION REDUC...

In this report we present a hierarchical method that decomposes a system into a high level subsystem which communicates with n ≥ 1 parallel low level subsystems through separate interfaces, which restrict the interaction of the subsystems. We first define the setting for the serial case (n = 1), and then generalise it for n ≥ 1. We present a definition for an interface, and define a set of inte...

Let $R$ be an associative ring with unity. An element $x \in R$ is called $\mathbb{Z}G$-clean if $x=e+r$, where $e$ is an idempotent and $r$ is a $\mathbb{Z}G$-regular element in $R$. A ring $R$ is called $\mathbb{Z}G$-clean if every element of $R$ is $\mathbb{Z}G$-clean. In this paper, we show that in an abelian $\mathbb{Z}G$-regular ring $R$, the $Nil(R)$ is a two-sided ideal of $R$ and $\fra...