In Japan, a liberalization policy was implemented over railways and buses in 2000 and 2002 respectively. Under that policy, quantity regulations for railways and buses were abolished, withdrawal regulations were eased, although fare regulations were maintained. However, even after this liberalization, institutional design remains considerably different between Japan and EU countries. An argumen...

Many studies provide sobering statistics on the number of mooseand deer-vehicle collisions that occur annually on North American highways, and the resulting property damage, animal deaths, personal injuries, and human fatalities. Recent accidents involving moose in New Brunswick have again brought the issue to the forefront. This study was undertaken to identify those sections of various New Br...

The nation’s network of highways plays a vital role in the U.S. economy; private commercial activity and people’s daily lives depend on that transportation infrastructure. In 2007, the public sector spent $146 billion to build, operate, and maintain highways in the United States. About three-quarters of that total was provided by state and local governments. One-quarter was provided by the fede...

India’s population has skyrocketed to about 122 crores .In such a scenario a high speed train technology for a swift transportation of the ever-increasing population is required .Not only speed is the sole aim but passenger safety, comfort and punctuality in railways is the need of the hour. Indian railways are subjected to regular delays in their railway setup. This comparative study focuses o...

GSM-Railways (GSM-R) is a communication mobile network designed to fulfill specific communication needs of railways. GSM-R is being widely deployed across Europe and other countries around the world for providing railway voice and train control services (ETCS). Despite that, GSM-R already shows various shortcomings in terms of capacity and support for additional data services. This triggers the...

Suicide on railways (either by being run over by or jumping in front of a train) is one of the "hardest' suicide methods. In Austria, 617 suicides or attempted suicides on railways were registered between 1990 and 1994. This amounts to 5.73% of all suicides committed in this period with women showing a higher percentage than men. In both men and women there was a predominance of younger age gro...

The performance of Indian railways in the nineteenth century provides a great context to study the effects of state ownership on productivity and other aspects of operations. We rely on a key feature of the institutional background whereby the Government of India purchased a majority ownership stake in private railways at predetermined dates set by contracts negotiated decades before the compan...

This teaching case examines the implementation of a new technology for tracking individual freight railcars (wagons) by Indian Railways. After exploring multiple ‘technological options,’ the Indian Railways decided to undertake a pilot project based on timetested Automatic Equipment Identification system using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. However, a number of other technolo...

Abstract Early detection is important for the management of invasive alien species. In last decade citizen science has become an source such data. Here, we used opportunistic records from “LIFE ARTEMIS” project, in which people submitted places where they observed tree pests, to understand distribution a rapidly-spreading forest pest: oak lace bug ( Corythucha arcuata ) Slovenia. These were not...