OBJECTIVES Treatment of HIV-infected patients is associated with early onset of aging-related comorbidities. Some of the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy have been attributed to the mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), and it is of note that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved in the aging processes. In this regard, we ex...

background and objectives: human t-cell lymphotropic viruses (htlv) type 1 and 2 are retroviruses that share the same routes of transmission as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). as a consequence of epidemiologic similarities, hiv and htlv-1/2 co-infection is frequent. due to the limited data, this study assessed the seroprevalence of htlv-1/2 infections in hiv infected patients in tehran, ira...

The profile of drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients directly affects the course disease. However, a high percentage multidrug with HIV infection not only worsens disease, but also forces development new tactics for managing such patients. article discusses characteristics using molecular genetic and bacteriological research methods. It is shown that period 2018-2022. proportio...

Evidence has shown that liver disease caused by hepatitis viruses can be more aggressive and severe in HIV infected subjects. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of HDV infection among HIV/HBV co-infected clients in Shiraz, southwest Iran. In this study, 178 patients co-infected with HBV and HIV individuals were enrolled. The diagnosis of HIV infect...

BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum infection induces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and accelerates a decline in CD4(+) T-cell count. The mechanisms contributing to these interactions have not been fully elucidated. METHODS We infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and then cocultured them with P. falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) o...

Numerous host and viral factors are capable of causing death of HIV infected cells, uninfected bystander cells, or both. We assessed the relevance of HIV protease in infected cell killing by mutating its obligate substrate for death, procaspase 8. VSV pseudotyped HIV infection of cells expressing WT caspase 8 resulted in apoptotic cell death and generation of the HIV protease specific cleavage ...

Between 1989 and 1993, investigations by classical parasitological procedures of 139 HIV-infected adults living in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) endemic areas showed that 10 of them (7.2%) were positive for Leishmania (by stained smears and culture). In the same period we identified 15 VL cases in patients not infected with HIV. Thus, 40% (10/25) of our VL cases were associated with HIV infection.

In a pilot accuracy study, stool Xpert testing from 115 children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) detected 8/17 (47%) culture-confirmed tuberculosis cases, including 4/5 (80%) HIV-infected and 4/12 (33%) HIV-uninfected children. Sputum Xpert detected 11/17 (65%) cases. Stool holds promise for PTB diagnosis in HIV-infected children.

it is estimated that one third of the world's population is latently infected with tuberculosis (tb). the hiv epidemic fuels the tb epidemic by increasing the risk of reactivation of latent tb infection and by facilitating a more rapid progression of tb disease. although the incidence of tb is constant or decreasing in many regions of the world, rates remain high in developing countries as a co...

Sputum smear-negative HIV-associated active tuberculosis (TB) is challenging to diagnose. CD14 is a pattern recognition receptor that is known to mediate monocyte activation. Prior studies have shown increased levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) as a potential biomarker for TB, but little is known about its value in detecting smear-negative HIV-associated TB. We optimized a sandwich ELISA for the de...